For the first time, the complete Aronia melanocarpa chloroplast (cp) genome was sequenced and analyzed. A. melanocarpa is well known for its ornamental and economic value; however, the phylogenetic relationships and boundaries between species of Aronia are still uncertain. Chloroplast genomic DNA of A. melanocarpa was extracted and sequenced, analyzed, and compared with that from 13 other species in the Rosaceae family. The A. melanocarpa cp genome is 159 772 bp and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure with four separate regions, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87 810 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19 200 bp separated by two inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) regions of 26 381 bp each. A total of 132 unique genes were annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. In total, 76 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 50 long repeats were detected. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. melanocarpa is most closely related to Aronia arbutifolia and forms a sister clade to Cydonia oblonga with weak support. The genome information reported here should provide a new resource for further research into the evolution and population genetic analyses of A. melanocarpa, as well as molecular breeding studies.