The Variation of Reciprocal Herkogamy in Five Distylous Populations of Goniolimon speciosum in Xinjiang

doi:10.11983/CBB22225

Abstract

Abstract: Heterostyly is a kind of floral morph polymorphism in angiosperms, which is characterized by the reciprocal herkogamy and accompanied by physiological self- and intra-incompatibility but inter-compatibility. And the homostyly (H) is a kind of self-compatible floral morph with stigmas and anthers at the same position within a flower, which occurs during the formation and evolution of heterostyly. It has been reported that distyly appeared earlier in Goniolimon than in other genus in the Plumbaginaceae. However, our field survey found that a large number of floral morphs with the same length of pistils and stamens (H-morphs) appeared in the natural population of Goniolimon speciosum in Xinjiang, similar to homostyly. It is not clear how the H-morphs emerge, whether the H-morphs have been self- and intra-compatible, and what kind of relationship between the H-morphs and the typical floral morphs with long- (L-) or short- (S-) style flower. Thus, we investigated the floral morph composition and frequency, measured the floral parameters and stigmatic pollen loads among floral morphs, and also examined the accessory polymorphism and heteromorphic incompatibility system of G. speciosum in five natural populations. The result showed that all populations were composed of L-, S- and H-morphs, but each population still had dimorphism of pollen-stigma morphology and strictly disassortative mating, which showed that the floral morphs with different pollen ornamentation and stigma papilla cell morphology were compatible regardless of the reciprocal herkogamy, but incompatible if the floral morphs were the same. Conclusion: H-morphs may the result of the variation of reciprocal herkogamy between floral morphs by shortening of stigma in L-morph or shortening of anther in S-morphs, but have not transformed into the homostyly. For this species, the variation of reciprocal herkogamy and the transformation of physiological incompatibility may be independent of each other.

Key words: Goniolimon speciosum, heteromorpic incompatibility system, heterostyly, homostyly, reciprocal herkogamy

Ren Dengfu, Zhai Yaxin, Zhang Aiqin. The Variation of Reciprocal Herkogamy in Five Distylous Populations of Goniolimon speciosum in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2023, 58(5): 733-742.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB22225

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2023/V58/I5/733

Figures/Tables 5

Figure 1 The flowering branch, floral morphs, pollen and stigma morphology in Goniolimon speciosum (A) Flowering branch; (B), (C) Flowers with S- and L-morph; (D) Pistil and stamen of H-morph; (E), (H) Pollen and stigma morphology of L-morph; (F), (I) Pollen and stigma morphology of S- and HS-morph; (G), (J) Pollen and stigma morphology of HL-morph. S-morph: Flower with stigma significantly lower than the anther, as short-styled morph flower; L-morph: Flower with stigma significantly higher than the anther, as long-styled morph flower; H-morph: Flower with stigma and anther in the same position, as homostylous morph flower; HS-morph: Flower with the same pollen and stigma morphology as S-morph flower; HL-morph: Flower with the same pollen and stigma morphology as L-morph flower. (A) Bar=2 cm; (B)-(D) Bars=2 mm; (E)-(G) Bars=10 μm; (H)-(J) Bars=20 μm

Table 1 The floral morph composition and frequency in five populations of Goniolimon speciosum

Population	Location	Number of plant samples (L, S, H)	Floral morph frequency (L/S/H)	Proportion of H-morph (%)	χ²(L/S)	P-values (L/S)
KNS	87.024°E, 48.698°N, 1424 m	166, 212, 91	1.82/2.33/1	32.62	5.598	0.018
HXG	87.984°E, 43.811°N, 1853 m	104, 162, 105	0.99/1.54/1	28.30	12.674	0.000
NS	87.233°E, 43.517°N, 1904 m	82, 113, 44	1.86/2.57/1	18.41	4.928	0.026
GG	87.167°E, 43.500°N, 1919 m	44, 51, 34	1.29/1.50/1	26.36	0.516	0.473
ZS	80.988°E, 43.150°N, 1980 m	52, 68, 40	1.30/1.70/1	25.00	2.133	0.144

Table 2 Comparisons of floral parameters of Kanasi (KNS) population and stigmatic pollen loads among floral morphs in three field populations in Goniolimon speciosum

Floral parameter	Population	S-morph (n=20-30)	L-morph (n=20-30)	H-morph (n=20-30)
Corolla tube length (mm)	KNS	(6.20±0.10)^a	(6.03±0.11)^a	(6.17±0.11)^a
Corolla opening diameter (mm)	KNS	(6.17±0.09)^a	(6.02±0.14)^a	(6.09±0.13)^a
Pistil height (mm)	KNS	(6.93±0.09)^c	(8.39±0.09)^a	(7.84±0.11)^b
Stamen height (mm)	KNS	(8.26±0.06)^a	(7.13±0.06)^c	(7.81±0.07)^b
Number of pollen grains per flower	KNS	(1127±46)^a	(1158±36)^a	(1110±24)^a
Number of ovules per flower	KNS	1	1	1
Number of stigmatic pollen loads (total, inter-morph)	KNS	(17±3)^b, (2.5±0.7)^a	(27±4)^ab, (1.4±0.4)^a	(33±7)^a, (1.3±0.5)^a
	GG	(25±3)^b, (0.6±0.3)^a	(49±3)^a, (1.1±0.3)^a	(56±13)^a, (1.6±0.9)^a
	ZS	(22±3)^b, (0.7±0.3)^a	(54±4)^a, (1.1±0.3)^a	(54±5)^a, (1.1±0.3)^a

Figure 2 The distribution of sexual organ height among different floral morphs of Kanasi (KNS) population in Goniolimon speciosum

Figure 3 Comparisons of fruit set of floral morphs under four pollination treatments in Goniolimon speciosum Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

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