Abstract: This study covers the last half-century of research into induction of gynogenesis in vitro with unpollinated ovaries and ovules. Gynogenesis has been induced in 40 species belonging to 20 families of seed plants, but in only 25 species and 2 varieties belonging to 10 families have gynogenic haploids been successfully obtained. The paper summarizes embryological studies of gynogenesis, such as the development of the embryo sac in ovules in vitro, patterns of gynogenisis, pathways of the formation of gynogenic haploids, and the induction of spontaneous endosperm in vitro. The problems of studies in this field are discussed and proposed methods of studies suggested.

Key words: Unpollinated ovary, Unpollinated ovule, In vitro culture, Gynogenesis, Autonomous endosperm