以芝麻栽培种(Sesamum indicum, 2n=26)、野生种(S. radiatum, 2n=64; S. schinzianum, 2n=64)及其远源杂交后代(S. schinzianum × S. indicum)为材料, 研究了不同基因型、外植体类型、激素种类及其浓度对芝麻愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响, 建立了芝麻愈伤组织诱导及高频植株再生的技术体系。结果表明, 6-BA/NAA激素组合有利于绿色紧密型愈伤组织的形成及分化; 最佳愈伤组织诱导及分化培养基为MS+ 0.1 mg·L^–1NAA + 2.0 mg·L^–16-BA+ 30 g·L^–1蔗糖。在该培养条件下,  野生种下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率最高为97.50%, 分化率为94.02%; 栽培种下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率最高为40.60%, 分化率为8.16%; 远缘杂交后代幼胚外植体愈伤组织的诱导率最高为46.67%, 分化率为89.29%。该研究结果为芝麻转基因技术体系的建立及新种质创制奠定了基础。

We examined the effect of genotypes, explant types, combinations and concentrations of growth regulators on sesame callus induction and shoot regeneration with the cultivars Sesamum indicum L., 2n=26; the wild species S. radiatum, 2n=64, and S. schinzianum, 2n=64; and their distant hybrid strain S. schinzianum × S. indicum. We established the technical system of sesame callus induction and shoot regeneration with high frequency. Among the growth regulators, BA and NAA are suitable for inducing compact green callus, which gives a high differentiation frequency. The optimal medium for sesame callus induction and differentiation was MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L^–1 NAA, 2.0 mg·L^–1 6-BA and 30 g·L^–1 sucrose. With this medium, the ratios of the highest level of callus induction and differentiation were 97.50% and 94.02% respectively, which were obtained from wild sesame hypocotyl explants, with the corresponding frequencies of 40.60% and 8.16% for cultivar hypocotyl explants. For the immature embryo explants from the distant hybrids, we achieved the maximum ratios of callus induction (46.67%) and differentiation (89.29%) with this medium. These results form the basis for both germplasm conservation and transgene studies in sesame.