谷氨酰胺氨基转移酶(GATase)能够将谷氨酰胺上的氨基基团转移到底物上形成新的一碳氮基团。GATase有两种类型, 即Class-I (trpG型)和Class-II(purF型)。拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)基因组中有13个基因编码Class-I类似蛋白(GATLs), 其生物学功能尚不清楚。首先分离到拟南芥GATL12基因的2个T-DNA插入突变体, 分别命名为gatl12-1和gatl12-2。然后观察发现在这2个突变体的杂合植株中, 大部分植株的胚珠发育到第8天时, 由于叶绿体的积累而呈现绿色, 其余植株(约有25%)的胚珠为白色。将从杂合突变体植株上收获的种子播种在1/2MS培养基上, 有25%的幼苗发育成黄化苗。经PCR检测, 这些黄化苗为GATL12的纯合突变体, RT-PCR法在黄化苗中检测不到GATL12基因的转录本。电镜观察表明, 突变体中的叶绿体不能正常发育。上述结果表明, GATL12基因在拟南芥的叶绿体发育过程中具有重要作用。
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