石榴(Punica granatum)是一种栽培历史悠久且营养价值很高的水果, 我国已形成了河南荥阳和开封、陕西临潼、山东枣庄、安徽怀远、四川会理、云南蒙自和新疆叶城8大石榴主产区。迄今为止, 从石榴果汁、果皮和叶片中共检测出类黄酮多达33种, 其中包括6种黄烷醇、1种黄烷酮苷、2种黄酮醇、3种黄酮醇苷、3种黄酮、5种黄酮苷、1种二氢黄酮醇苷、3种花青素苷元和9种花青素苷, 这些化合物在保健食品和医疗应用中具有重要作用。该文对石榴果实、叶片和花瓣中所含类黄酮的组成、含量、检测方法及药理等方面的研究现状进行了综述, 建议今后应加强石榴果实中类黄酮的快速分析、半制备和制备分离、定量分析方法以及种质资源评价、叶和花中的活性成分鉴定等方面的研究, 以促进对石榴活性成分及其功能的深入研究和利用。
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a cultivated fruit with a long history and great nutritional value. China has 8 major pomegranate-producing areas, including Xingyang and Kaifeng cities, Henan province; Lintong county, Shaanxi province; Zaozhuang county, Shandong province; Huaiyuan county, Anhui province; Huili county, Sichuan province; Mengzi county, Yunnan province; and Kargilik county, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region. In total, 33 flavonoids have been detected from pomegranate fruit juice, pericarp and foliage; these include 6 flavanols, 1 flavanone glycoside, 2 flavonols, 3 flavonol glycosides, 3 flavones, 5 flavone glycosides, 1 flavanonol glycoside, 3 anthocyanidins and 9 anthocyanins. These flavonoid compounds are widely used in the health food and medicinal industries. This paper summarizes the recent progress in the constitution, content, detection methods and pharmacological studies of flavonoids in the fruit, leaf and petal of P. granatum. To promote deeper research and use of the active components and for functional characterization for cancer prevention, future study should focus on the rapid analysis, semi-preparation and/or preparation separation, and quantitative analysis of flavonoids in fruits; germplasm resource evaluation; and identification of active components in leaves and flowers of pomegranate.
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