东农冬麦1号是我国首例可在黑龙江高寒地区种植的强抗寒冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种。鉴于分蘖节的耐寒程度直接影响植株的安全越冬, 且MicroRNAs是一类生物体内普遍存在的非编码内源小分子RNA, 在植物的生长发育和适应胁迫等过程中具有重要作用, 该文基于HiSeq深度测序原理, 对5°C和–10°C胁迫下的东农冬麦1号分蘖节进行测序, 并开展生物信息学分析。结果表明, 在5°C文库中有2 229 955条特有小分子RNA序列, 并检测到35条已知miRNA, 属于30个miRNA家族, 其表达丰度介于1–173 810之间; 在–10°C文库中有3 721 449条特有小分子RNA序列, 并发现29条已知miRNA, 属于24个miRNA家族, 其表达丰度为1–105 868。靶基因预测结果表明, 5°C文库的30个miRNA家族中共预测到53个靶基因。功能分析结果显示, 这些基因主要参与转录调节、新陈代谢、胁迫响应和信号转导等过程。已知小麦miRNA的类型和表达丰度在5°C和–10°C两个文库中均有较大差异。

Dongnongdongmai 1 is the first cultivated winter wheat variety that can survive in Heilongjiang province. The cold tolerance of the tillering nodes directly affects the ability of overwintering. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding endogenous RNAs with a critical role in development and environmental responses in plants. We analyzed the small RNAs of tillering nodes of Dongnongdongmai 1 under 5°C and –10°C. Under 5°C condition, we detected 2 229 955 unique sequences and 35 known miRNAs, which can be grouped into 30 miRNA families, with abundance ranging from 1 to 173 810. Under –10°C condition, we detected 3 721 449 unique sequences and 29 known miRNAs, which can be grouped into 24 miRNA families, with abundance ranging from 1 to 105 868. Target gene prediction revealed 53 putative target genes from the 30 miRNAs at 5°C, some of which were involved in transcription regulation, metabolism, stress response and signal transduction. Both types and abundance of known miRNAs differed in Dongnongdongmai 1 grown at 5°C and –10°C.