Abstract: Heterosis is a common biological phenomenon in nature and is an important approach to increase crop yield. This paper reviews the new molecular marker systems of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, ISSR and SRAP that have provided valuable results in the application of heterosis in rapeseed in terms of molecular markers of genes involved in pollination control system, genetic diversity analysis, classification of heterotic groups, determination of hybrid seed purity and heterosis prediction. Key issues in heterosis prediction in rapeseed are discussed.