Chinese Bulletin of Botany ›› 2017, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 487-495.DOI: 10.11983/CBB16080
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Xin Tang, Xinrong Li*
Received:
2016-04-15
Accepted:
2016-11-11
Online:
2017-07-01
Published:
2017-05-05
Contact:
Li Xinrong
About author:
# Co-first authors
Xin Tang, Xinrong Li. Flowering Phenology Characteristics of the Desert Relict Plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii [J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2017, 52(4): 487-495.
Observation item | Population of Hami | Population of Wuqia | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 2015 | 2014 | 2015 | ||
Population level | |||||
Onset | April 29 | May 6 | May 3 | May 9 | |
Date of peak flowering | May 9 | May 17 | May 23 | May 30 | |
End date | May 29 | June 11 | June 13 | June 24 | |
Duration (d) | 30 | 36 | 41 | 46 | |
Individual level | |||||
Number of flowers | 303.4±63.7 | 317.65±55.36 | 232.3±33.10 | 234±20.66 | |
Onset | 4.55±1.82 (May 3) | 12.00±0.86 (May 11) | 6.95±0.19 (May 6) | 13.50±1.47 (May 13) | |
Date of peak flowering | 10.90±1.07 | 21.45±0.76 | 17.00±1.17 | 23.25±1.92 | |
End date | 16.70±1.13 | 28.10±1.17 | 24.95±1.76 | 33.60±2.04 | |
Duration (d) | 12.15±2.37 | 16.10±1.41 | 18.10±2.17 | 20.10±2.63 | |
Range | 3-19 | 11-30 | 6-30 | 19-39 | |
RFI (%) | 9.57±7.79 | 10.13±8.30 | 11.46±7.06 | 12.16±7.53 | |
FSI | 0.833±0.011 | 0.831±0.004 | 0.819±0.027 | 0.813±0.026 |
Table 2 Phenology of Gymnocarpos przewalskii at the level of the population and individual level in 2014 and 2015
Observation item | Population of Hami | Population of Wuqia | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 2015 | 2014 | 2015 | ||
Population level | |||||
Onset | April 29 | May 6 | May 3 | May 9 | |
Date of peak flowering | May 9 | May 17 | May 23 | May 30 | |
End date | May 29 | June 11 | June 13 | June 24 | |
Duration (d) | 30 | 36 | 41 | 46 | |
Individual level | |||||
Number of flowers | 303.4±63.7 | 317.65±55.36 | 232.3±33.10 | 234±20.66 | |
Onset | 4.55±1.82 (May 3) | 12.00±0.86 (May 11) | 6.95±0.19 (May 6) | 13.50±1.47 (May 13) | |
Date of peak flowering | 10.90±1.07 | 21.45±0.76 | 17.00±1.17 | 23.25±1.92 | |
End date | 16.70±1.13 | 28.10±1.17 | 24.95±1.76 | 33.60±2.04 | |
Duration (d) | 12.15±2.37 | 16.10±1.41 | 18.10±2.17 | 20.10±2.63 | |
Range | 3-19 | 11-30 | 6-30 | 19-39 | |
RFI (%) | 9.57±7.79 | 10.13±8.30 | 11.46±7.06 | 12.16±7.53 | |
FSI | 0.833±0.011 | 0.831±0.004 | 0.819±0.027 | 0.813±0.026 |
Figure 1 Flowering amplitude curves of Gymnocarpos przewalskii individual plant of two populations in different years (A) Hami population; (B) Wuqia population
Figure 2 Frequency distributions of relative flowering intensity of Gymnocarpos przewalskii individual plants of two populations in different years (A) Hami population; (B) Wuqia population
Stages | Calyx opening situation | Anthers changes in color | Relative position of stigma and anthers |
---|---|---|---|
Pre-dehiscence | Unopened | Yellow | Stamens lower than the pistil |
Initial dehiscence | Calyx open | Yellow | Stamens lower than the pistil or flush |
Full dehiscence | Calyx fully open and the maximum diameter | Yellow or orange | Stamens higher than the pistil or flush |
Final dehiscence | After reaching the maximum diameter, the flower diameter began to decrease | Orange or fall off | Stamens higher than the pistil or flush |
Withering | Flower diameter decreased and gradua- lly closed | Fall off | Stamens lower than the pistil or flush |
Table 3 The flowering dynamic of Gymnocarpos przewalskii single flower
Stages | Calyx opening situation | Anthers changes in color | Relative position of stigma and anthers |
---|---|---|---|
Pre-dehiscence | Unopened | Yellow | Stamens lower than the pistil |
Initial dehiscence | Calyx open | Yellow | Stamens lower than the pistil or flush |
Full dehiscence | Calyx fully open and the maximum diameter | Yellow or orange | Stamens higher than the pistil or flush |
Final dehiscence | After reaching the maximum diameter, the flower diameter began to decrease | Orange or fall off | Stamens higher than the pistil or flush |
Withering | Flower diameter decreased and gradua- lly closed | Fall off | Stamens lower than the pistil or flush |
Population | Statistical items | Onset | Duration | FSI | RFI | Number of flowers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population of Hami | Onset | - | - | - | - | - |
Duration | 0.135 | - | - | - | - | |
FSI | -0.994 | -0.992* | - | - | - | |
RFI | 0.540 | 0.480* | -0.678* | - | - | |
Number of flowers | 0.293 | 0.551 | 0.990** | 0.988 | - | |
Number of seeds | 0.421 | 0.436 | 0.865** | 0.721 | 0.930** | |
Population of Wuqia | Onset | - | - | - | - | - |
Duration | 0.719* | - | - | - | - | |
FSI | -0.987 | -0.983* | - | - | - | |
RFI | -0.665 | 0.575* | -0.780* | - | - | |
Number of flowers | -0.147 | 0.264 | 1.000** | 0.999 | - | |
Number of seeds | 0.229 | -0.235 | 0.963** | 0.230 | 0.949** |
Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficients of flowering phenology items and number of seeds of Gymnocarpos przewalskii in different populations of 2015
Population | Statistical items | Onset | Duration | FSI | RFI | Number of flowers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population of Hami | Onset | - | - | - | - | - |
Duration | 0.135 | - | - | - | - | |
FSI | -0.994 | -0.992* | - | - | - | |
RFI | 0.540 | 0.480* | -0.678* | - | - | |
Number of flowers | 0.293 | 0.551 | 0.990** | 0.988 | - | |
Number of seeds | 0.421 | 0.436 | 0.865** | 0.721 | 0.930** | |
Population of Wuqia | Onset | - | - | - | - | - |
Duration | 0.719* | - | - | - | - | |
FSI | -0.987 | -0.983* | - | - | - | |
RFI | -0.665 | 0.575* | -0.780* | - | - | |
Number of flowers | -0.147 | 0.264 | 1.000** | 0.999 | - | |
Number of seeds | 0.229 | -0.235 | 0.963** | 0.230 | 0.949** |
Research area | Main meteorological factors | Year | Month | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | |||
Hami | Mean temperature (°C) | 2014 | -12.5 | -4.3 | 9.2 | 15.9 | 21 | 24.7 | 26.9 |
2015 | -9.3 | -4.5 | 5.8 | 14.4 | 19.9 | 24.3 | 27.6 | ||
Precipitation (mm) | 2014 | 0 | 4.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 3.4 | 4.4 | |
2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 26.6 | 4.9 | ||
Sunshine duration (h) | 2014 | 226.1 | 237.6 | 311.3 | 329 | 366.9 | 329.1 | 378.2 | |
2015 | 230.4 | 237.2 | 309.5 | 303.1 | 367.8 | 331.1 | 383.1 | ||
Wuqia | Mean temperature (°C) | 2014 | -5.2 | -5.1 | 3.5 | 9.8 | 14.7 | 17.2 | 20.2 |
2015 | -5.1 | -2.2 | 4.9 | 10.5 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 22.8 | ||
Precipitation (mm) | 2014 | 0.3 | 4 | 0 | 1.9 | 18.1 | 11.8 | 9.2 | |
2015 | 1.4 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 2.7 | 13.7 | 1.3 | ||
Sunshine duration (h) | 2014 | 169.6 | 180.8 | 244.2 | 248.7 | 282.3 | 348.7 | 364.9 | |
2015 | 189.4 | 168.7 | 225.1 | 240 | 252.1 | 325.9 | 360.8 |
Table 1 Main meteorological factors at Hami and Wuqia from January to July of 2014 and 2015
Research area | Main meteorological factors | Year | Month | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | |||
Hami | Mean temperature (°C) | 2014 | -12.5 | -4.3 | 9.2 | 15.9 | 21 | 24.7 | 26.9 |
2015 | -9.3 | -4.5 | 5.8 | 14.4 | 19.9 | 24.3 | 27.6 | ||
Precipitation (mm) | 2014 | 0 | 4.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 3.4 | 4.4 | |
2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 26.6 | 4.9 | ||
Sunshine duration (h) | 2014 | 226.1 | 237.6 | 311.3 | 329 | 366.9 | 329.1 | 378.2 | |
2015 | 230.4 | 237.2 | 309.5 | 303.1 | 367.8 | 331.1 | 383.1 | ||
Wuqia | Mean temperature (°C) | 2014 | -5.2 | -5.1 | 3.5 | 9.8 | 14.7 | 17.2 | 20.2 |
2015 | -5.1 | -2.2 | 4.9 | 10.5 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 22.8 | ||
Precipitation (mm) | 2014 | 0.3 | 4 | 0 | 1.9 | 18.1 | 11.8 | 9.2 | |
2015 | 1.4 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 2.7 | 13.7 | 1.3 | ||
Sunshine duration (h) | 2014 | 169.6 | 180.8 | 244.2 | 248.7 | 282.3 | 348.7 | 364.9 | |
2015 | 189.4 | 168.7 | 225.1 | 240 | 252.1 | 325.9 | 360.8 |
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