Chinese Bulletin of Botany ›› 2015, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 482-489.DOI: 10.11983/CBB14161
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Qincheng Chen1, Fuli Xu2, *, Weiling Wang1, Yun Lin1
Received:
2014-09-01
Accepted:
2015-03-20
Online:
2015-07-01
Published:
2015-05-07
Contact:
Xu Fuli
About author:
? These authors contributed equally to this paper
Qincheng Chen, Fuli Xu, Weiling Wang, Yun Lin. Seasonal Dynamics in Soil Content of Effective Potassium for Different Ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the Northern Foot of the Qinling Mountains[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2015, 50(4): 482-489.
Age (a) | Forest types | Exposure | Slope position | Slope (°) | Elevation (m) | Stand density (1∙hm-2) | Average tree height (m) | Average diameter at breast height (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | Young forest | Northeast | Mesoslope | 20-25 | 1 680-1 700 | 1 500 | 4.8 | 4.46 |
10 | Young forest | Northeast | Mesoslope | 20-25 | 1 650-1 690 | 1 700 | 8.6 | 7.32 |
20 | Middle-aged forest | Northwest | Baseslope | 10-15 | 1 620-1 700 | 1 750 | 10.23 | 10.23 |
30 | Nearly mature forest | Northeast | Mesoslope | 25-30 | 1 700-1 850 | 1 750 | 19.1 | 18.44 |
40 | Mature forest | East | Baseslope | 20-25 | 2 100-2 360 | 1 800 | 25.2 | 19.20 |
Table 1 General characteristic of the sampling plots
Age (a) | Forest types | Exposure | Slope position | Slope (°) | Elevation (m) | Stand density (1∙hm-2) | Average tree height (m) | Average diameter at breast height (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | Young forest | Northeast | Mesoslope | 20-25 | 1 680-1 700 | 1 500 | 4.8 | 4.46 |
10 | Young forest | Northeast | Mesoslope | 20-25 | 1 650-1 690 | 1 700 | 8.6 | 7.32 |
20 | Middle-aged forest | Northwest | Baseslope | 10-15 | 1 620-1 700 | 1 750 | 10.23 | 10.23 |
30 | Nearly mature forest | Northeast | Mesoslope | 25-30 | 1 700-1 850 | 1 750 | 19.1 | 18.44 |
40 | Mature forest | East | Baseslope | 20-25 | 2 100-2 360 | 1 800 | 25.2 | 19.20 |
Age (a) | Soil organic matter (g∙kg-1) | Moisture (%) | Soil pH | Soil NO3-N (mg∙kg-1) | Soil nitrogen (g∙kg-1) | Available phosphorus (mg∙kg-1) | The style of soil | Soil-forming rock |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 18.68 | 15.63 | 6.52 | 29.41 | 1.18 | 3.17 | Brown soil | Gneiss, mica, feldspar |
10 | 20.36 | 13.94 | 6.61 | 21.35 | 1.21 | 10.26 | Brown soil | Gneiss, mica, feldspar |
20 | 25.89 | 15.37 | 6.71 | 49.86 | 1.44 | 2.49 | Brown soil | Gneiss, mica, feldspar |
30 | 39.55 | 17.54 | 6.46 | 87.79 | 2.17 | 4.36 | Brown soil | Granite, metamorphic granite |
40 | 57.14 | 18.76 | 6.17 | 123.93 | 3.35 | 7.65 | Brown soil | Granite, metamorphic granite |
Table 2 Classification of the investigated soils
Age (a) | Soil organic matter (g∙kg-1) | Moisture (%) | Soil pH | Soil NO3-N (mg∙kg-1) | Soil nitrogen (g∙kg-1) | Available phosphorus (mg∙kg-1) | The style of soil | Soil-forming rock |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 18.68 | 15.63 | 6.52 | 29.41 | 1.18 | 3.17 | Brown soil | Gneiss, mica, feldspar |
10 | 20.36 | 13.94 | 6.61 | 21.35 | 1.21 | 10.26 | Brown soil | Gneiss, mica, feldspar |
20 | 25.89 | 15.37 | 6.71 | 49.86 | 1.44 | 2.49 | Brown soil | Gneiss, mica, feldspar |
30 | 39.55 | 17.54 | 6.46 | 87.79 | 2.17 | 4.36 | Brown soil | Granite, metamorphic granite |
40 | 57.14 | 18.76 | 6.17 | 123.93 | 3.35 | 7.65 | Brown soil | Granite, metamorphic granite |
Soil content of available K (mg∙kg-1) | <50 | 51-83 | 84-116 | >116 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grade | Very low | Low | Medium | High |
Table 3 Soil content of available K grading standards
Soil content of available K (mg∙kg-1) | <50 | 51-83 | 84-116 | >116 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grade | Very low | Low | Medium | High |
Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg-1) | <300 | 300-600 | >600 |
---|---|---|---|
Grade | Low | Medium | High |
Table 4 Soil content of slow-K grading standards
Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg-1) | <300 | 300-600 | >600 |
---|---|---|---|
Grade | Low | Medium | High |
Soil depth (cm) | Forest age (a) | Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of available K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) | Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-20 | 5 10 20 30 40 | 1 817.00±10.00 A 1 430.33±8.08 B 898.00±79.37 D 1 213.33±14.84 C 805.67±15.54 E | 103±1.00 B 117.67±0.58 A 59.67±2.31 D 119.33±1.15 A 77.33±1.15 C | 1 920.00 A 1 548.00 B 957.67 D 1 431.67 C 883.00 E | 95 92 94 92 94 | 5 8 6 8 6 |
20-40 | 5 10 20 30 | 1 546.33±30.01 B 1 130.33±1.58 C 1 444.00±57.17 B 1 870.00±26.54 A | 70.33±0.58 D 77.67±0.58 B 79.67±0.58 A 76.33±1.01 C | 1 616.00 B 1 208.00 D 1 523.67 C 1 940.33 A | 96 94 95 96 | 4 6 5 4 |
40 | 1 533.67±48.62 B | 75.00±2.15 C | 1 608.67 B | 88 | 12 | |
40-60 | 5 | 1 121.67±12.5 A | 75.00±1.73 B | 1 196.00 A | 94 | 6 |
10 | 1 162.67±49.65 A | 72.00±1.43 C | 1 234.67 A | 94 | 6 | |
20 | 1 152.67±37.99 A | 64.00±1.53 C | 1 216.67 A | 95 | 5 | |
30 | - | - | - | - | - | |
40 | 494.00±54.48 C | 114.67±0.95 A | 598.67 B | 81 | 19 |
Table 5 Dynamics in soil content of effective potassium for different ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii before growth period (means±SE)
Soil depth (cm) | Forest age (a) | Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of available K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) | Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-20 | 5 10 20 30 40 | 1 817.00±10.00 A 1 430.33±8.08 B 898.00±79.37 D 1 213.33±14.84 C 805.67±15.54 E | 103±1.00 B 117.67±0.58 A 59.67±2.31 D 119.33±1.15 A 77.33±1.15 C | 1 920.00 A 1 548.00 B 957.67 D 1 431.67 C 883.00 E | 95 92 94 92 94 | 5 8 6 8 6 |
20-40 | 5 10 20 30 | 1 546.33±30.01 B 1 130.33±1.58 C 1 444.00±57.17 B 1 870.00±26.54 A | 70.33±0.58 D 77.67±0.58 B 79.67±0.58 A 76.33±1.01 C | 1 616.00 B 1 208.00 D 1 523.67 C 1 940.33 A | 96 94 95 96 | 4 6 5 4 |
40 | 1 533.67±48.62 B | 75.00±2.15 C | 1 608.67 B | 88 | 12 | |
40-60 | 5 | 1 121.67±12.5 A | 75.00±1.73 B | 1 196.00 A | 94 | 6 |
10 | 1 162.67±49.65 A | 72.00±1.43 C | 1 234.67 A | 94 | 6 | |
20 | 1 152.67±37.99 A | 64.00±1.53 C | 1 216.67 A | 95 | 5 | |
30 | - | - | - | - | - | |
40 | 494.00±54.48 C | 114.67±0.95 A | 598.67 B | 81 | 19 |
Soil depth (cm) | Forest age (a) | Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of available K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) | Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-20 | 5 10 20 30 40 | 1 041.67±69.01 A 1 319.67±6.35 AB 1 199.00±11.36 B 1 045.33±95.11 B 573.33±10.69 C | 145.00±4.36 C 153.67±0.58 C 104.33±1.53 D 264.67±12.70 A 193.33±11.59 B | 1 186.67 B 1 473.33 A 1 303.33 AB 1 310.00 AB 766.67 C | 88 90 92 80 75 | 12 10 8 20 25 |
20-40 | 5 10 20 30 | 893.67±85.45 C 1 028.33±27.43 B 887.67±16.17 C 1 192.00±10.39 A | 96.33±1.53 B 118.33±1.53 A 85.67±4.62 C 121.33±1.15 A | 990.0 C 1 146.67 B 973.33 C 1 313.33 A | 90 90 91 91 | 10 10 9 9 |
40 | 511.3±9.50 D | 98.67±0.58 B | 610.00 D | 84 | 16 | |
40-60 | 5 | 1 011.33±18.77 A | 112.00±4.36 A | 1 123.33 A | 90 | 10 |
10 | 977.33±9.81 AB | 119.33±4.04 A | 1 096.67 A | 89 | 11 | |
20 | 943.33±17.93 B | 86.67±1.15 B | 1 030.00 B | 88 | 12 | |
30 | - | - | - | - | - | |
40 | 524.67±10.69 C | 115.33±10.69 A | 640.00 C | 22 | 78 |
Table 6 Dynamics in soil content of effective potassium for different ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii in growth period (means±SE)
Soil depth (cm) | Forest age (a) | Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of available K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) | Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-20 | 5 10 20 30 40 | 1 041.67±69.01 A 1 319.67±6.35 AB 1 199.00±11.36 B 1 045.33±95.11 B 573.33±10.69 C | 145.00±4.36 C 153.67±0.58 C 104.33±1.53 D 264.67±12.70 A 193.33±11.59 B | 1 186.67 B 1 473.33 A 1 303.33 AB 1 310.00 AB 766.67 C | 88 90 92 80 75 | 12 10 8 20 25 |
20-40 | 5 10 20 30 | 893.67±85.45 C 1 028.33±27.43 B 887.67±16.17 C 1 192.00±10.39 A | 96.33±1.53 B 118.33±1.53 A 85.67±4.62 C 121.33±1.15 A | 990.0 C 1 146.67 B 973.33 C 1 313.33 A | 90 90 91 91 | 10 10 9 9 |
40 | 511.3±9.50 D | 98.67±0.58 B | 610.00 D | 84 | 16 | |
40-60 | 5 | 1 011.33±18.77 A | 112.00±4.36 A | 1 123.33 A | 90 | 10 |
10 | 977.33±9.81 AB | 119.33±4.04 A | 1 096.67 A | 89 | 11 | |
20 | 943.33±17.93 B | 86.67±1.15 B | 1 030.00 B | 88 | 12 | |
30 | - | - | - | - | - | |
40 | 524.67±10.69 C | 115.33±10.69 A | 640.00 C | 22 | 78 |
Soil depth (cm) | Forest age (a) | Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of available K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) | Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-20 | 5 10 20 30 40 | 1 472.33±14.29 B 1 781.33±28.11 A 1 016.00±20.42 C 1 016.33±55.72 C 321.00±96.23 D | 131.00±1.00 A 175.33±8.39 C 90.67±0.58 E 153.67±6.66 D 289.00±1.00 B | 1 603.33 B 1 956.67 A 1 106.67 C 1 170.00 C 610.00 D | 92 91 92 87 53 | 8 9 8 13 47 |
20-40 | 5 10 20 30 | 1 306.33±12.42 B 1 356.33±21.03 B 892.00±19.25 D 1 538.00±66.71 A | 87.00±1.00 C 103.33±1.53 A 78.00±1.36 D 92.33±1.00 B | 1 393.33 C 1 460.00 B 970.00 E 1 630.33 A | 94 93 92 94 | 6 7 8 6 |
40 | 1 151.67±15.28 C | 75.00±3.24 E | 1 226.67 D | 94 | 6 | |
40-60 | 5 | 1 362.67±29.02 A | 87.33±1.53 B | 1 450.00 Aa | 94 | 6 |
10 | 1 278.67±5.13 A | 101.33±7.51 A | 1 380.00 Aa | 93 | 7 | |
20 | 885.67±12.34 B | 74.33±3.51 C | 960.00 cB | 92 | 8 | |
30 | - | - | - | - | - | |
40 | 983.67±70.95 B | 73.00±5.67 C | 1 056.67 bB | 93 | 7 |
Table 7 Dynamics in soil content of effective potassium for different ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii after growth period (means±SE)
Soil depth (cm) | Forest age (a) | Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of available K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg-1) | Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) | Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-20 | 5 10 20 30 40 | 1 472.33±14.29 B 1 781.33±28.11 A 1 016.00±20.42 C 1 016.33±55.72 C 321.00±96.23 D | 131.00±1.00 A 175.33±8.39 C 90.67±0.58 E 153.67±6.66 D 289.00±1.00 B | 1 603.33 B 1 956.67 A 1 106.67 C 1 170.00 C 610.00 D | 92 91 92 87 53 | 8 9 8 13 47 |
20-40 | 5 10 20 30 | 1 306.33±12.42 B 1 356.33±21.03 B 892.00±19.25 D 1 538.00±66.71 A | 87.00±1.00 C 103.33±1.53 A 78.00±1.36 D 92.33±1.00 B | 1 393.33 C 1 460.00 B 970.00 E 1 630.33 A | 94 93 92 94 | 6 7 8 6 |
40 | 1 151.67±15.28 C | 75.00±3.24 E | 1 226.67 D | 94 | 6 | |
40-60 | 5 | 1 362.67±29.02 A | 87.33±1.53 B | 1 450.00 Aa | 94 | 6 |
10 | 1 278.67±5.13 A | 101.33±7.51 A | 1 380.00 Aa | 93 | 7 | |
20 | 885.67±12.34 B | 74.33±3.51 C | 960.00 cB | 92 | 8 | |
30 | - | - | - | - | - | |
40 | 983.67±70.95 B | 73.00±5.67 C | 1 056.67 bB | 93 | 7 |
Soil pH | Soil water | Soil organic carbon | |
---|---|---|---|
Soil content of available K | -0.85* | 0.85* | 0.93** |
Soil content of slow-K | 0.76 | -0.81* | -0.92* |
Soil content of effective K | 0.73 | 0.81 | -0.89* |
Table 8 Correlation coefficients between soil content of K, soil organic carbon, soil pH and soil water (0-20 cm soil plots)
Soil pH | Soil water | Soil organic carbon | |
---|---|---|---|
Soil content of available K | -0.85* | 0.85* | 0.93** |
Soil content of slow-K | 0.76 | -0.81* | -0.92* |
Soil content of effective K | 0.73 | 0.81 | -0.89* |
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