植物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 307-321.DOI: 10.11983/CBB16109
潘琰1, 龚吉蕊1,*(), 宝音陶格涛2, 罗亲普1, 翟占伟1, 徐沙1, 王忆慧1, 刘敏1, 杨丽丽1
收稿日期:
2016-05-12
接受日期:
2016-10-16
出版日期:
2017-05-01
发布日期:
2017-05-27
通讯作者:
龚吉蕊
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Yan Pan1, Jirui Gong1*, Taogetao Baoyin2, Qinpu Luo1, Zhanwei Zhai1, Sha Xu1, Yihui Wang1, Min Liu1, Lili Yang1
Received:
2016-05-12
Accepted:
2016-10-16
Online:
2017-05-01
Published:
2017-05-27
Contact:
Gong Jirui
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要: 放牧是草地主要利用方式之一, 不同季节放牧通过影响草地功能性状间的权衡从而影响牧后再生及补偿性生长。通过测定内蒙古温带草原优势种羊草(Leymus chinensis)的株高、节间距和分蘖数等软性状及气体交换、抗氧化酶系统和根茎叶渗透调节物质的含量等硬性状, 分析了不同季节放牧处理下羊草功能性状的变化及其权衡关系。结果表明, 3年短期放牧处理下, 类连续放牧(T1)比春季放牧样地(T2)羊草表现出更强的避牧性与耐牧性。类连续放牧与春季放牧样地羊草软性状及光合特性表现出一致性, 6月放牧干扰降低了羊草的净光合速率(Pn), 8月放牧干扰通过增加电子传递速率(ETR)及光系统II (PSII)分配于光化学反应(P)的比值等增大Pn。但春季放牧样地羊草株高较高, 且光合产物较多分配于叶片, 导致大量有机物质被啃食, 不利于牧草再生。而类连续放牧羊草将较多的有机物质分配于根茎, 有利于牧草根系吸水及牧后再生。因此, 3年短期放牧处理下, 类连续放牧更有利于牧草再生及草原的可持续利用。
潘琰, 龚吉蕊, 宝音陶格涛, 罗亲普, 翟占伟, 徐沙, 王忆慧, 刘敏, 杨丽丽. 季节放牧下内蒙古温带草原羊草根茎叶功能性状的权衡. 植物学报, 2017, 52(3): 307-321.
Yan Pan, Jirui Gong, Taogetao Baoyin, Qinpu Luo, Zhanwei Zhai, Sha Xu, Yihui Wang, Min Liu, Lili Yang. Effect of Seasonal Grazing on Trade-off Among Plant Functional Traits in Root, Stem and Leaf of Leymus chinensis in the Temperate Grassland of Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2017, 52(3): 307-321.
Treatments | OM (g∙kg-1) | TN (g∙kg-1) | TP (g∙kg-1) | AP (mg∙kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 19.75 | 1.50 | 0.29 | 2.40 |
T1 | 18.85 | 1.38 | 0.28 | 2.56 |
T2 | 14.05 | 1.24 | 0.30 | 2.31 |
表1 3种样地的土壤特性
Table 1 Soil properties under 3 study sites
Treatments | OM (g∙kg-1) | TN (g∙kg-1) | TP (g∙kg-1) | AP (mg∙kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 19.75 | 1.50 | 0.29 | 2.40 |
T1 | 18.85 | 1.38 | 0.28 | 2.56 |
T2 | 14.05 | 1.24 | 0.30 | 2.31 |
Community characteristics | T0 | T1 | T2 |
---|---|---|---|
Aboveground biomass (g∙m-2) | 135.83±6.79 a | 31.56±2.47 b | 55.62±5.20 c |
Standing litter (g∙m-2) | 63.89±10.27 a | 3.78±1.60 b | 1.23±0.32 b |
Litter (g∙m-2) | 61.96±4.09 a | 12.44±1.60 b | 10.10±2.41 b |
Richness | 5.89±0.72 a | 9.00±0.75 b | 7.78±0.43 b |
表2 3种样地群落特性(平均值±标准误, n=9)
Table 2 Community characteristics under 3 study sites (means±SE, n=9)
Community characteristics | T0 | T1 | T2 |
---|---|---|---|
Aboveground biomass (g∙m-2) | 135.83±6.79 a | 31.56±2.47 b | 55.62±5.20 c |
Standing litter (g∙m-2) | 63.89±10.27 a | 3.78±1.60 b | 1.23±0.32 b |
Litter (g∙m-2) | 61.96±4.09 a | 12.44±1.60 b | 10.10±2.41 b |
Richness | 5.89±0.72 a | 9.00±0.75 b | 7.78±0.43 b |
图2 不同季节放牧下羊草的软性状(平均值±标准误)T0: 围封样地; T1: 连续放牧样地; T2: 春季放牧样地。不同处理间植物软性状的差异(LSD检验, P<0.05), 6月用大写字母表示, 8月用小写字母表示。
Figure 2 Soft traits of Leymus chinensis under different seasonal grazing treatments (means±SE) T0: Enclosed plot; T1: Continuous grazing plot; T2: Spring grazing plot. Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (LSD test, P<0.05), with June in capital letters and August in lowercase letters.
图3 不同季节放牧下羊草的光合特性和叶片水势(平均值±标准误)T0: 围封样地; T1: 连续放牧样地; T2: 春季放牧样地; Pn: 净光合速率; Ci: 胞间CO2浓度; gs: 气孔导度; Tr: 蒸腾速率; WUE: 水分利用效率; ψ: 叶片水势。羊草不同处理间的差异(LSD检验, P<0.05), 6月用大写字母表示, 8月用小写字母表示。
Figure 3 Photosynthetic characteristics and water potential of Leymus chinensis under different seasonal grazing treatments (means±SE) T0: Enclosed plot; T1: Continuous grazing plot; T2: Spring grazing plot; Pn: Net photosynthetic rate; Ci: Intercellular CO2 concentration; gs: Stomatal conductance; Tr: Transpiration rate; WUE: Water use efficiency; ψ: Water potential. Different letters represent significant differences among treatments (LSD test, P<0.05), with June in capital letters and August in lowercase letters.
图4 不同季节放牧下羊草的叶绿素荧光特性(平均值±标准误)T0: 围封样地; T1: 连续放牧样地; T2: 春季放牧样地; Fv/Fm: PSII最大光化学效率; Fvʹ/Fmʹ: PSII激发能捕获效率; ΦPSII: 实际光化学效率; ETR: 电子传递效率; qp: 光化学猝灭系数; NPQ: 非光化学猝灭系数。不同处理下羊草叶绿素荧光特性的差异(LSD检验, P<0.05), 6月用大写字母表示, 8月用小写字母表示。
Figure 4 ChlorophyII fluorescence characteristics of Leymus chinensis under different seasonal grazing treatments (means± SE)T0: Enclosed plot; T1: Continuous grazing plot; T2: Spring grazing plot; Fv/Fm: Maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry; Fvʹ/Fmʹ: The energy harvesting efficiency of PSII; ΦPSII: Effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry; ETR: Electron transport rate; qp: Photochemical quenching coefficient; NPQ: Non-photochemical quenching coefficient. Different letters represent significant differences among treatments (LSD test, P<0.05), with June in capital letters and August in lowercase letters.
图5 不同季节放牧下羊草的能量分配P: 光化学反应; D: 热耗散; E: 过剩能量
Figure 5 Energy partition of Leymus chinensis under different seasonal grazing treatmentsP: Photosynthetic electron transport; D: Thermal energy dissipation; E: Excess
图6 不同季节放牧下羊草丙二醛含量及抗氧化酶活性(平均值± 标准误)T0: 围封样地; T1: 连续放牧样地; T2: 春季放牧样地; MDA: 丙二醛; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶; CAT: 过氧化氢酶。羊草不同处理间的差异(LSD检验, P<0.05), 6月用大写字母表示, 8月用小写字母表示。
Figure 6 The content of malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase of Leymus chinensis un- der different seasonal grazing treatments (means±SE)T0: Enclosed plot; T1: Continuous grazing plot; T2: Spring grazing plot; MDA: Malondialdehyde; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; CAT: Catalase. Different letters represent significant differences among treatments (LSD test, P<0.05), with June in capital letters and August in lowercase letters.
June | August | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | |||
Soluble sugar (mg∙g-1) | Leaf | 25.60±1.19 Aa | 6.61±0.05 Ba | 20.24±2.29 Ca | 25.87±0.55 Aa | 21.38±2.11 ABa | 19.22±3.41 Ba | |
Stem | 18.72±4.52 Ab | 23.56±0.60 Bb | 17.75±0.96 Aa | 49.27±0.76 Ab | 30.82±0.69 Bb | 26.93±2.04 Bb | ||
Root | 11.42±0.68 Ac | 7.37±0.64 Aa | 6.87±0.87 Ab | 23.45±0.55 Aa | 11.12±0.33 Bc | 5.86±0.33 Cc | ||
Soluble protein (mg∙g-1) | Leaf | 0.97±0.07 Aa | 1.44±0.12 Bb | 2.25±0.11 Ca | 1.37±0.06 Aa | 0.34±0.06 Ba | 0.49±0.01 Ba | |
Stem | 0.64±0.01 Aa | 1.09±0.08 Bb | 0.78±0.01 Ab | 0.67±0.00 ABb | 0.89±0.09 Ab | 0.35±0.08 Ba | ||
Root | 1.17±0.18 Aa | 1.96±0.05 Bb | 0.59±0.02 Cb | 7.11±0.12 Ac | 6.53±0.12 Bc | 6.20±0.41 Bb | ||
Proline (μg∙g-1) | Leaf | 18.64±0.54 Aa | 16.71±0.48 Aa | 24.18±0.70 Ba | 26.73±0.77 Aa | 7.30±0.21 Ba | 15.73±0.89 Ca | |
Stem | 9.79±0.28 Ab | 13.55±0.39 Bb | 8.44±0.24 Cb | 24.72±1.84 Aa | 55.38±1.60 Bb | 35.91±1.43 Cb | ||
Root | 5.91±0.17 Ac | 11.33±0.33 Bc | 3.79±0.11 Cc | 72.38±2.09 Ab | 24.27±0.70 Bc | 16.69±0.48 Ca |
表3 不同季节放牧下羊草渗透调节物质的含量(平均值±标准误)
Table 3 Substances contents of osmotic adjustment of Leymus chinensis under different seasonal grazing treatments (means± SE)
June | August | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | |||
Soluble sugar (mg∙g-1) | Leaf | 25.60±1.19 Aa | 6.61±0.05 Ba | 20.24±2.29 Ca | 25.87±0.55 Aa | 21.38±2.11 ABa | 19.22±3.41 Ba | |
Stem | 18.72±4.52 Ab | 23.56±0.60 Bb | 17.75±0.96 Aa | 49.27±0.76 Ab | 30.82±0.69 Bb | 26.93±2.04 Bb | ||
Root | 11.42±0.68 Ac | 7.37±0.64 Aa | 6.87±0.87 Ab | 23.45±0.55 Aa | 11.12±0.33 Bc | 5.86±0.33 Cc | ||
Soluble protein (mg∙g-1) | Leaf | 0.97±0.07 Aa | 1.44±0.12 Bb | 2.25±0.11 Ca | 1.37±0.06 Aa | 0.34±0.06 Ba | 0.49±0.01 Ba | |
Stem | 0.64±0.01 Aa | 1.09±0.08 Bb | 0.78±0.01 Ab | 0.67±0.00 ABb | 0.89±0.09 Ab | 0.35±0.08 Ba | ||
Root | 1.17±0.18 Aa | 1.96±0.05 Bb | 0.59±0.02 Cb | 7.11±0.12 Ac | 6.53±0.12 Bc | 6.20±0.41 Bb | ||
Proline (μg∙g-1) | Leaf | 18.64±0.54 Aa | 16.71±0.48 Aa | 24.18±0.70 Ba | 26.73±0.77 Aa | 7.30±0.21 Ba | 15.73±0.89 Ca | |
Stem | 9.79±0.28 Ab | 13.55±0.39 Bb | 8.44±0.24 Cb | 24.72±1.84 Aa | 55.38±1.60 Bb | 35.91±1.43 Cb | ||
Root | 5.91±0.17 Ac | 11.33±0.33 Bc | 3.79±0.11 Cc | 72.38±2.09 Ab | 24.27±0.70 Bc | 16.69±0.48 Ca |
图7 不同季节放牧下羊草功能性状间的主成分分析(PCA)T0: 围封样地; T1: 连续放牧样地; T2: 春季放牧样地; PH: 株高; IL: 节间距; TN: 分蘖数; SLA: 比叶面积; Pn: 净光合速率; P: 光化学反应能量; D: 热耗散能量; WUE: 水分利用效率; LSSC: 叶可溶性糖含量; SSSC: 茎可溶性糖含量; RSSC: 根可溶性糖含量; LSPC: 叶可溶性蛋白含量; SSPC: 茎可溶性蛋白含量; RSPC: 根可溶性蛋白含量; LPC: 叶脯氨酸含量; SPC: 茎脯氨酸含量; RPC: 根脯氨酸含量; MDA: 丙二醛含量; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶活性; CAT: 过氧化氢酶活性
Figure 7 Principal component analysis (PCA) between traits of Leymus chinensis under different seasonal grazing treatments T0: Enclosed plot; T1: Continuous grazing plot; T2: Spring grazing plot; PH: Plant height; IL: Internodal length; TN: Tiller number; SLA: Specific leaf area; Pn: Net photosynthesis rate; P: Photosynthetic electron transport; D: Thermal energy dissipation; WUE: Water use efficiency; LSSC: Leaf soluble sugar content; SSSC: Stem soluble sugar content; RSSC: Root soluble sugar content; LSPC: Leaf soluble protein content; SSPC: Stem soluble protein content; RSPC: Root soluble protein content; LPC: Leaf proline content; SPC: Stem proline content; RPC: Root proline content; MDA: Malondialdehyde content; SOD: Superoxide dismutase activity; CAT: Catalase activity
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