木本植物叶色变异机制研究进展

车佳航, 李纬楠, 秦英之, 陈金焕

Research Progress of Leaf Color Variation Mechanism in Woody Plants

Jiahang Che, Weinan Li, Yingzhi Qin, Jinhuan Chen

图1 叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素合成通路 (A) 叶绿素生物合成途径; (B) 类胡萝卜素生物合成途径; (C) 花青素生物合成途径。GluTR: 谷氨酰-tRNA还原酶; GSA-AM: 谷氨酸酯-1-半醛2,1氨基变位酶; ALAD: 5-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶; PBGD: 胆色素原脱氨酶; UROS: 尿卟啉原III合成酶; UROD: 尿卟啉原III脱羧酶; CPOX: 粪卟啉原III氧化酶; PPOX: 原卟啉原氧化酶; MgCh: Mg-螯合酶; MgPMT: Mg-原卟啉IX甲基转移酶; MgPEC: Mg-原卟啉IX单甲基酯环化酶; DVR: 乙烯基还原酶; POR: 原叶绿素酸酯氧化还原酶; CHLG: 叶绿素合酶; CAO: 叶绿素酸酯a加氧酶; CBR: 叶绿素b还原酶; HCAR: 7-羟甲基叶绿素还原酶; PPH: 脱镁叶绿素酶; PAO: 脱镁叶绿素a加氧酶; RCCR: 红色代谢物还原酶; PSY: 八氢番茄红素合成酶; PDS: 八氢番茄红素脱氢酶; ZDS: ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶; CRTISO: 胡萝卜素异构酶; LCYb: β-番茄红素环化酶; LCYe: ε-番茄红素环化酶; HYb: β-胡萝卜素羟化酶; HYe: ε-胡萝卜素羟化酶; ZEP: 玉米黄质环化酶; VDE: 紫黄质脱环氧酶; PAL: 苯丙氨酸裂解酶; C4H: 肉桂酸羟化酶; 4CL: 4-香豆酸CoA连接酶; CHS: 查尔酮合成酶; CHI: 查尔酮异构酶; F3-H: 黄烷酮3-羟化酶; F3′-H: 类黄酮3′-羟化酶; F3′,5′-H: 类黄酮3′,5′-羟化酶; DFR: 二氢黄酮醇-4-还原酶; ANS: 花青素合成酶; UFGT: 类黄酮糖苷转移酶; GST: 谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶

Figure 1 Chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin synthesis pathways (A) Chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway; (B) Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway; (C) Anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. GluTR: Glutamyl-tRNA reductase; GSA-AM: Glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase; ALAD: 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase; PBGD: Porphobilinogen deaminase; UROS: Uroporphyrinogen III synthase; UROD: Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase; CPOX: Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase; PPOX: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase; MgCh: Magnesium chelatase; MgPMT: Magnesium proto IX methyltransferase; MgPEC: Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase; DVR: Vinyl reductase; POR: Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase; CHLG: Chlorophyll synthase; CAO: Chlorophyllide a oxygenase; CBR: Chlorophyll b reductase; HCAR: 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll reductase; PPH: Mg-dechelatase; PAO: Pheophorbide a oxygenase; RCCR: Red metabolite reductase; PSY: Phytoene synthase; PDS: Phytoene desaturase; ZDS: ζ-carotene desaturase; CRTISO: Carotene isomerase; LCYb: Lycopene β-cyclase; LCYe: Lycopene ε-cyclase; HYb: β-carotene hydroxylase; HYe: ε-carotene hydroxylase; ZEP: Zeaxanthin cyclase; VDE: Violaxanthin de-epoxidase; PAL: Phenylalanine lyase; C4H: Cinnamate hydroxylase; 4CL: 4-coumaric acid CoA ligase; CHS: Chalcone synthetase; CHI: Chalcone isomerase; F3-H: Flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3'-H: Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase; F3',5'-H: Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase; DFR: Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase; ANS: Anthocyanin synthetase; UFGT: Flavonoside transferase; GST: Glutathione mercaptotransferase