植物抗冻蛋白研究进展

董小云, 魏家萍, 崔俊美, 武泽峰, 郑国强, 李辉, 王莹, 田海燕, 刘自刚

Research Progress in Plant Antifreeze Protein

Xiaoyun Dong, Jiaping Wei, Junmei Cui, Zefeng Wu, Guoqiang Zheng, Hui Li, Ying Wang, Haiyan Tian, Zigang Liu

图3 低温下植物抗冻蛋白(AFPs)和致病相关蛋白(PRs)的分子调控模型(Griffith and Yaish, 2004; Guo et al., 2018) (A) 低温胁迫诱导COR、AFP和CSP等基因表达, 新合成的PR-AFP蛋白和PR蛋白通过内质网、高尔基体和囊泡分泌运输, 穿过质膜并聚集在细胞壁外空间, 形成寡聚体复合物, 抑制低温下病原菌生长; 这些蛋白质包括几丁质酶-AFPs (CHT-AFP)、葡聚糖酶-AFPs (GLU-AFP)和类甜蛋白-AFPs (TLP-AFP); 当环境温度降至冰点以下, PR-AFPs蛋白可特异吸附到冰晶表面, 抑制冰晶生长和重结晶; (B) PR蛋白(包括几丁质酶(CHT)、葡聚糖酶(GLU)和类甜蛋白(TLP))被合成并分泌到质外体中, 常温下用水杨酸(SA)、脱落酸(ABA)或雪腐病原菌处理植物, 仅诱导合成PR蛋白, 可抑制真菌病原体生长。

Figure 3 Molecular regulation models of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) in plants under low temperature (Griffith and Yaish, 2004; Guo et al., 2018) (A) Cold stress induces COR, AFP and CSP gene expression; newly synthesized, dual-function PR-AFP proteins and PRs are secreted via the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies and vesicles that merge with the plasmalemma and accumulate on the outer cell wall surface; the AFPs, including chitinase-AFPs (CHT-AFP), glucanase-AFPs (GLU-AFP) and thaumatin-like AFPs (TLP-AFP), form oligomeric complexes that inhibit the growth of pathogens under low temperature; Below the freezing degree, the proteins are adsorbed onto the surfaces of ice and inhibit its growth and recrystallization; (B) PR proteins, including chitinases (CHT), glucanases (GLU), and thaumatin-like proteins (TLP), were synthesized and secreted into the apoplast, when plants are treated with salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA) or snow mold at normal temperatures to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens.