We aimed to investigate the constituents and content of volatile compounds and the activity and differential gene expression of β-glucosidase among 4-year-old tea varieties (Camellia sinensis) (Huangguanyin, 0318E, Fuyun 6, 0213-2 and C19) with different flavor properties. The volatile compounds of the tea varieties were determined by GC/MS. β-glucosidase activity was also measured. The expression of β-glucosidase in tea varieties was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The content of terpenoids and its derivatives was greater in Huangguanyin and 0318E than Fuyun 6, 0213-2 and C19. The β-glucosidase activity of Huangguanyin and 0318E tea varieties was higher than other tea varieties, and the β-glucosidase activity of 0213-2 tea variety was the lowest. The expression of β-glucosidase was higher in Huangguanyin and 0318E than in other samples, but 0213-2 had the lowest expression.