选取2个甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)高油材料XZ37(含油量45.29%)和XZ366(含油量43.48%), 分别种植在南京、拉萨和西宁, 探讨种子发育过程中油分积累的差异, 并分析南京、拉萨和西宁3个地理生态环境下油菜花–角果期间的主要气象因子与种子油分之间的相关性及其对种子油分积累的影响。结果表明, 不同生态地区间种子中油分积累差异显著。在西宁种子油分快速积累始于开花后19天, 持续时长15天; 在南京种子油分快速积累始于开花后24天, 持续时长15天; 在拉萨种子油分快速积累始于开花后29天, 持续时间长达20天。研究显示, 日均温度、日均温差、日均降水量是影响甘蓝型油菜种子发育过程中油分积累的主要气候因子。不同地理生态地区, 影响油菜种子中油分积累的主要气候因子不同。日均温度是影响南京地区种子发育过程中油分积累的主要气候因子。该地区油菜开花后, 气温由低到高呈上升趋势, 成熟后期温度偏高, 不利于种子中油分积累。日均温差和日均降水量是影响拉萨和西宁两地种子油分积累的主要气候因子。两地种子发育过程中日均温差大, 种子中油分积累量大, 但由于拉萨日均降水量高于西宁, 日均温度偏低, 种子油分积累量低于西宁。因此, 在油菜种子发育过程中, 适宜的温度、较大的温差和较少的降水有利于种子积累油分, 并形成较高的含油量。
To study the influence of geographical metrological factors on the dynamic accumulation of oil content in developing seeds of Brassica napus, we grew 2 high-oil-content lines, XZ37 (oil content: 45.29%) and XZ366 (oil content: 43.48%), at 3 distinct geographical locations in Nanjing, Xining and Lhasa. We recorded the accumulation rate of oil in developing seeds, and metrological data such as daily mean temperature (DMT), sunshine hours (DMSH) and precipitation (DMP) were obtained from a local metrological observatory. Dynamic accumulation of oil in developing seeds differed greatly among the 3 geological locations. At Xining, oil began to rapidly accumulate in developing seeds at 19 days after flowering (DAF) and lasted for about 15 days. It began to accumulate at 29 DAF at Lhasa and 24 DAF at Nanjing, for 20 and 15 days, respectively. Oil accumulation rate was positively correlated with DMT and DMT difference (DMTD) and negatively with DMP. DMT and DMSH were the major climatic factors affecting oil accumulation in developing seeds at Nanjing, where the daily temperature continued to increase after flowering until seed maturation and resulted in low oil content. DMT and DMP mainly affected oil accumulation at Lhasa, and DMTD and DMP mainly affected oil accumulation at Xining. Higher seed oil content at Xining and Lhasa than Nanjing resulted from larger DMT covering the stage after seed development. However, oil accumulation was lower at Lhasa than Xining because of increased DMP and reduced DMT. High DMT, then increased DMTD and low DMP, can benefit oil accumulation during seed development in B. napus.
[1]陈庆山,裴宇峰,蒋洪蔚,刘业丽,何琳,栾怀海,刘春燕,韩雪,胡国华.大豆生育期降水量与油分含量的相关分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42:15-19
[2]付三雄,戚存扣.不同海拔地区(南京和拉萨)种植的甘蓝型油菜的种子基因差异表达[J].植物学报,2009,44:173-180
[3]付三雄,戚存扣.甘蓝型油菜含油量的主基因+多基因遗传分析[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25:731-736
[4]付三雄,伍晓明,李成磊,张洁夫,陈新军,戚存扣.不同地理位置对甘蓝型油菜含油量的效应研究[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25:247-252
[5]李超,李波,曲存民,阎星颖,付福友,刘列钊,谌利,李加纳.两种环境下甘蓝型油菜含油量的差值QTL 分析[J].作物学报,2011,37:249-254
[6]孟赐福,吴益伟,水建国,周梅芳.施用石灰对红壤旱地土壤酸度和油菜产量的影响[J].中国油料,1995,17:39-43
[7]沈惠聪,江宇,季吟秋,周伟军.油菜籽含油量与气象因子的相关及预报模式[J].浙江农业大学学报,1989,7:253-259
[8]文陇英,陈拓.不同海拔高度祁连圆柏和青海云杉叶片色素的变化特征[J].植物学报,2012,47:405-412
[9]武杰,李宝珍,谌利,唐章林,王正银,李加纳.不同施肥水平对甘蓝型黄籽油菜含油量的效应研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26:59-62
[10]伊淑丽 (2008).高温对不同基因型甘蓝型油菜影响的生理生化机理研究. 硕士论文. 重庆：西南大学. 14–45
[11]张代军,周顺启,栾怀海,于凤瑶,辛秀君,胡国华.高油大豆品种蛋白质和油份积累规律的研究[J].大豆科学,2005,24:301-304
[12]张洁夫,戚存扣,浦惠明,陈松,陈锋,高建芹,陈新军,顾慧,傅寿仲.甘蓝型油菜含油量的遗传与QTL定位[J].作物学报,2007,33:1495-1501
[13]张子龙,李加纳,唐章林,谌利,王瑞.环境条件对油菜品质的调控研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22:124-129
[14]赵合句,李培武,李光明,陆师国.施肥水平对优质油菜种子生化品质影响的研究[J].作物学报,1991,17:256-259
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准.: 谷类、油料作物种子粗脂肪测定法(NY/T4-1982)[J].,1983,中国油料2:75-77
[16]Delourme R,Falentin C,Huteau V,Clouet V,Horvais R,Gandon B,Specel S,Hanneton L,Dheu JE,Deschamps M,Margale E,Vincourt P,Renard M.Genetic control of oil content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L[J].). Theor Appl Genet,2006,113:1331-1345
[17]Fu SX,Cheng H,Qi C.Microarray analysis of gene expression in seeds of Brassica napus planted in Nanjing (altitude: 8[J].9 m),Xining (altitude: 2261.2 m) and Lhasa (altitude: 3658 m) with different oil content. Mol Biol Rep,2009,36:2375-2386
[18]Garzon GA.Effect of oil content and PH on the physicochemical of rape oil composites properties[J].Cereal Chemistry St.Paul,2003,80:2-5
[19]Wang X F,Liu GH,Yang Q,Hua W,Liu J,Wang HZ.Genetic analysis on oil content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L[J].). Euphytica,2010,173:17-24
[20]Zhang SF,Ma CZ,Zhu JC,Wang JP,Wen YC,Fu TD.Genetic analysis of oil content in Brassica napus L[J].using mixed model of major gene and polygene. Acta Genet Sin,2006,33:171-180
[21]Zhao J,Becker HC,Zhang D,Zhang Y,Ecke W.Oil content in a European Chinese rapeseed population: QTL with additive and epistatic effects and their genotype–environment interactions[J].Crop Sci,2005,45:51-59
[22]Zou J,Jiang C,Cao Z,Li R,Long Y,Chen S,Meng J.Association mapping of seed oil content in different Brassica napus populations and its coincidence with QTL identified from linkage mapping[J].Genome,2010,53:908-916
首页