对山葡萄(Vitis amurensis)种质资源样品的ITS、ITS2、psbA-trnH、rbcL和matK序列进行PCR扩增及测序, 优化PCR反应的退火温度, 比较各序列的扩增效率、测序成功率、品种间和品种内的差异及barcoding gap图, 使用BLAST和NJ树法比较不同序列的鉴定能力, 最终从5条DNA片段中筛选出可用于山葡萄种质资源鉴定的DNA条形码通用序列。结果表明, 在采集的11份33个山葡萄样品中, psbA-trnH和ITS2序列的扩增与测序成功率较高, 其品种间、品种内差异及barcoding gap较ITS、rbcL和matK序列具有明显的优势, 且ITS2序列能够鉴别psbA-trnH序列无法鉴别的品种。实验证明, ITS2和psbA-trnH序列是较适合鉴别山葡萄资源的DNA条形码序列组合。DNA条形码弥补了形态学鉴定的不足, 可为山葡萄种质资源的准确鉴定提供科学依据。

To determine the best candidate sequence that can be used as a universal DNA barcode to identify Vitis amurensis varieties, we used PCR amplification with the ideal annealing temperature and sequenced the DNA fragments of five different regions (ITS, ITS2, psbA-trnH, rbcL and matK) of Amur grape samples. The effective sequence ratios obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing, divergence of intra- and inter-varieties, DNA barcoding gap and identification by using BLAST and NJ tree methods were used to evaluate the discrimination ability of these candidate sequences. ITS2 and psbA-trnH had fairly high amplification efficiency and sequencing efficiency in 33 samples belonging to 11 V. amurensis resources; they had larger divergences of intra- and inter-varieties and better DNA barcoding gaps than the other regions tested (ITS, rbcL and matK). In addition, ITS2 could discriminate some varieties that could not be successfully discriminated by the psbA-trnH region. ITS2 and psbA-trnH may be promising DNA barcode region combinations for identifying V. amurensis resources. DNA barcoding can compensate for morphological identification and help in the exact identification of V. amurensis resources.