[an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive]
[an error occurred while processing this directive]荒漠孑遗植物裸果木的开花物候特征
# 共同第一作者
收稿日期: 2016-04-15
录用日期: 2016-11-11
网络出版日期: 2017-05-05
基金资助
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(No.31360100)
Flowering Phenology Characteristics of the Desert Relict Plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii
# Co-first authors
Received date: 2016-04-15
Accepted date: 2016-11-11
Online published: 2017-05-05
2014年和2015年连续2年对哈密和乌恰裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)自然种群的开花物候特征进行野外定点观测, 并运用相对开花振幅、开花强度和开花同步性等参数对其开花物候特征进行分析。结果表明, 2个种群每年均开1次花, 4月下旬到5月上旬进入始花期, 开花进程基本相似, 均呈单峰曲线, 具有较高的开花同步性, 呈现“集中大量”开花模式; 在个体水平上, 始花期、终花期在种群和年份间略有差异; 单花持续时间在年际间是稳定的, 但在种群间有所不同, 即乌恰种群的单花持续时间略长于哈密种群; 不同裸果木种群的开花数与结籽数间均呈极显著正相关, 开花同步性指数与相对开花强度间呈显著负相关; 乌恰种群的始花期与开花数间呈负相关。裸果木个体开花振幅、开花同步指数及开花模式在种群和年份间的相似性很大程度上是由其在长期的地理变迁中形成的遗传特性决定的, 而始花期和开花持续时间等开花物候特征的差异主要是由环境和气象因子(海拔、气温、降水及光照)差异造成。研究结果对于探讨该属植物的繁殖生物学特性及其保护具有重要意义。
唐欣, 李新蓉 . 荒漠孑遗植物裸果木的开花物候特征[J]. 植物学报, 2017 , 52(4) : 487 -495 . DOI: 10.11983/CBB16080
From 2014 to 2015, we investigated and compared the Hami and Wuqia populations of Gymnocarpos przewalskii in the wild, and used indices such as flowering amplitude, relative flowering intensity, synchrony index. The two populations flowered once in a year, late April to early May into flowering onset; the flowering phenology of the two populations was similar, and the plant has the characteristics of high flowering synchrony and a typical “mass flowering” pattern. At the individual level, there were significant differences both in the first flowering date and the end flowering date by population and year; the single flower longevity and mean longevities of individual flowers were similar at different years. Different populations differed: the flowering duration of a single flower of Wuqia was slightly longer than for the Hami population. We found a significant positive correlation between flower number and seed number, whereas the synchrony indices were negatively correlated with relative flowering intensity in different populations. The similarity in flowering amplitude and flowering synchrony in the two species and years of G. przewalskii may be explained by their phylogenetic relationships, whereas the differences may result from their evolutionary history in heterogeneous habitats (altitude, temperature, precipitation and light). These results can provide useful information for research on reproductive biology and conservation for the species.
[1] | 柴胜丰, 韦霄, 蒋运生, 韦记青, 蒋水元, 王满莲 (2009). 濒危植物金花茶开花物候和生殖构件特征. 热带亚热带植物学报 17, 5-11. |
[2] | 柴永青, 曹致中, 蔡卓山, 万丽霞, 李学玲 (2010). 肃北地区稀有植物裸果木种群的空间分布格局. 草业学报 19, 239-249. |
[3] | 黄云兰, 安秀峰, 师东, 张爱勤 (2012). 新疆荒漠植物耳叶补血草的爆发式开花式样与传粉模式. 生物多样性 20, 368-375. |
[4] | 康晓珊, 潘伯荣, 段士民, 索菲亚, 张永智, 师玮, 古丽努尔·沙比尔哈孜 (2012). 沙拐枣属4种植物同地栽培开花物候与生殖特性比较. 中国沙漠 32, 1315-1327. |
[5] | 李新蓉, 谭敦炎 (2007). 新疆沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus nanus)的开花物候与环境的关系. 中国沙漠 27, 572-578. |
[6] | 李新蓉, 谭敦炎, 郭江 (2006). 迁地保护条件下两种沙冬青的开花物候比较研究. 生物多样性 14, 241-249. |
[7] | 李新蓉, 唐欣, 付文洁 (2016). 荒漠孑遗植物裸果木的花部特征及繁育系统. 生态学杂志 35, 2592-2598. |
[8] | 李志成, 李进, 吕海英, 曹满航 (2013). 沙生珍稀植物银沙槐的开花物候特征. 生态学杂志 32, 2937-2943. |
[9] | 刘媖心 (1985). 中国沙漠植物志(第1卷) . 北京: 科学出版社. pp. 9-11. |
[10] | 罗睿, 郭建军 (2010). 植物开花时间: 自然变异与遗传分化. 植物学报 45, 109-118. |
[11] | 马文宝, 施翔, 张道远, 尹林克 (2008). 准噶尔无叶豆的开花物候与生殖特征. 植物生态学报 32, 760-767. |
[12] | 牟成香, 孙庚, 罗鹏, 王志远, 罗光荣 (2013). 青藏高原高寒草甸植物开花物候对极端干旱的响应. 应用与环境生物学报 19, 272-279. |
[13] | 任崇勇, 张婷, 李瑞英 (2015). 鲁西南草本植物生长季及物候期持续日数对气候变化的响应. 气象与环境学报 4, 25-31. |
[14] | 王立龙, 王亮, 张丽芳, 刘玉洋, 徐世健 (2015). 不同生境下濒危植物裸果木种群结构及动态特征. 植物生态学报 39, 980-989. |
[15] | 肖宜安, 何平, 李晓红 (2004). 濒危植物长柄双花木开花物候与生殖特性. 生态学报 24, 14-21. |
[16] | 赵文忠 (2008). 弯花黄芪繁殖生态学研究. 硕士论文. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学. pp. 1-47. |
[17] | 智颖飙, 杨持, 王中生, 安树青, 王再岚, 李红丽, 宿志安, 王强 (2008). 孑遗植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)的濒危肇因与机制. 生态学报 28, 767-776. |
[18] | Augspurger CK (1980). Mass-flowering of a tropical shrub (Hybanthus prunifolius): influence on pollinator attraction and movement. Evolution 34, 475-488. |
[19] | Augspurger CK (1981). Reproductive synchrony of a tropical shrub: experimental studies on effects of pollinators and seed predators on Hybanthus prunifolius (Violaceae). Eco- logy 62, 775-788. |
[20] | Augspurger CK (1983). Phenology, flowering synchrony, and fruit set of six neotropical shrubs.Biotropical 15, 257-267. |
[21] | Bawa KS, Kang H, Grayum MH (2003). Relationships among time, frequency, and duration of flowering in tropical rain forest trees.Am J Bot 90, 877-887. |
[22] | Buide ML, Diaz-Peromingo JA, Guitián J (2002). Flowering phenology and female reproductive success inSilene acutifolia Link ex Rohrb. Plant Ecol 163, 93-103. |
[23] | Carmerond F (1976). The inheritance of flowering time in Townsville Styllo (Stylosanthes humilis). Aust J Agr Res 27, 825-838. |
[24] | Dafni A (1992).Pollination Ecology:a Practical Approach.Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 171-181. |
[25] | Dafni A, Kevan PG, Husband BC (2005). Practical Pollination Biology. Cambridge: Enviroquest Ltd. pp. 3-26. |
[26] | Guo H, Yang H, Mockler TC, Lin C (1998). Regulation of flowering time by Arabidopsis photoreceptors.Science 279, 1360-1363. |
[27] | Harder LD, Johnson SD (2005). Adaptive plasticity of floral display size in animal-pollinated plants.P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci 272, 2615-2657. |
[28] | Herrera J (1986). Flowering and fruiting phenology in the coastal shrublands of Doňana South Spain.Vegetatio 68, 91-98. |
[29] | Huang SQ, Tang LL, Sun JF, Lu Y (2006). Pollinator response to female and male floral display in a monoecious species and its implications for the evolution of floral dimorphism.New Phytol 171, 417-424. |
[30] | Ma SM, Zhang ML (2012). Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the relic Gymnocarpos przewalskii(Caryophyllaceae) restricted to northwestern China. Conserv Ge- net 13, 1531-1541. |
[31] | Ma SM, Zhang ML, Sanderson SC (2012). Phylogeography of the rare Gymnocarpos przewalskii (Caryophyllaceae): indications of multiple glacial refugia in north-western China.Aust J Bot 60, 20-31. |
[32] | McIntosh ME (2002). Flowering phenology and reproductive output in two sister species of Ferocactus (Cactaceae). Plant Ecol 159, 1-13. |
[33] | Michèle T, Gillianne B, Agnès SL, Myriam B, Anne A (2007). Flowering phenology of Ulex europaeus: ecological consequences of variation within and among populations. Evol Ecol 21, 395-409. |
[34] | Ollerton J, Lack A (1992). Flowering phenology: an example of relaxation of natural selection.Trends Ecol Evol 7, 274-276. |
[35] | Pickering CM (1995). Variation in flowering parameters within and among five species of Australian alpine Ran- unculus. Aust J Bot 43, 103-112. |
[36] | Primack RB (1985). Longevity of individual flowers.Annu Rev Ecol Syst 16, 15-37. |
[37] | Rathcke B, Lacey EP (1985). Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants.Annu Rev Ecol Syst 16, 179-214. |
[38] | Sutherland S, Delph LF (1984). On the importance of male fitness in plants: patterns of fruit-set.Ecology 65, 1093-1104. |
[39] | White LM (1995). Predicting flowering of 130 plant at 8 locations with temperature and day length. J Range Manage 48, 108-114. |
[40] | Widén B (1991). Environmental and genetic influences on phenology and plant size in a perennial herb,Senecio integrifolius. Can J Bot 69, 209-217. |
/
〈 | 〉 |