睡莲(Nymphaea spp.)为多年生水生观赏花卉。以耐寒睡莲不同花色的119个栽培品种为材料, 利用高效液相色谱(HPLC-DAD)和液质联用技术(HPLC-ESI-MSn)测定了其花瓣中的花青素苷成分。采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡(RHSCC)和国际照明委员会(CIE)制定的CIEL*a*b*表色系统测量了57个品种的花色, 运用多元线性回归方法分析花色与花青素苷组成之间的关系。结果表明: 耐寒睡莲花瓣中含有14种花青素苷, 其中飞燕草素-3-半乳糖-5-乙酰-半乳糖苷(Dp3Ga5acetylGa)、飞燕草素-3-鼠李糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷(Dp3Rh(1→2)Ga)、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷(Cy3Ga(1→2)Ga)、矢车菊素-3-乙酰-半乳糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷(Cy3acetylGa(1→2)Ga)、矢车菊素-3-没食子酰-半乳糖苷(Cy3galloylGa)、飞燕草素-3-乙酰-葡萄糖苷(Dp3acetylG)、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷(Dp3G)和矢车菊素-3-半乳糖-半乳糖-半乳糖苷(Cy3GaGaGa)8个组分在耐寒睡莲中为首次报道。Dp3Ga、Dp3galloylGa、Cy3Ga(1→2)Ga和Cy3galloylGa是决定耐寒睡莲呈色的关键花青素苷。
Water lily (Nymphaea spp.) is a perennial aquatic flower plant. We investigated color of 57 hardy water lily cultivars by the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) and International Commission on Illumination CIEL*a*b* scale. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection (DAD) and HPLC electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn) identified 14 anthocyanins. Eight compounds were identified in the petals of 119 hardy water lily cultivars for the first time. Multiple linear regression revealed that Dp3Ga, Dp3galloylGa, Cy3Ga(1→2)Ga and Cy3galloylGa compounds were key pigments in petal color. We discuss differences in anthocyanin components between hardy and tropical water lily and blue color breeding of hardy water lily.
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