在渤海湾24个站位采集0–10 cm表层沉积物144份样品, 进行甲藻孢囊的种类多样性和生态地理分布研究, 并分析渤海海域水体的富营养化趋势。在渤海海域共采集鉴定出6类32种甲藻孢囊, 包括原多甲藻类孢囊11种、裸甲藻类孢囊6种、膝沟藻类孢囊7种、钙质类孢囊5种、翼藻类孢囊2种及Tuberculodinioid类孢囊1种。其中, 自养型甲藻孢囊17种, 优势种为锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)孢囊, 丰富的孢囊库为锥状斯氏藻赤潮提供种源, 可作为该海域发生锥状斯氏藻赤潮的参考依据; 异养型甲藻孢囊15种, 优势种为无纹多沟藻(Polykrikos schwartzii)和锥形原多甲藻(Protoperidinium conicum)孢囊; 发现1种产麻痹性贝类毒素的孢囊——塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)孢囊, 但是仅在S6、S8和S14三个站位发现, 且孢囊数量较少。渤海甲藻孢囊组成与世界其它海域相似, 异养型甲藻孢囊种类丰富, 提示渤海海域富营养化程度较高。每个站位沉积物样品分为3层(每层约3 cm), 春夏两季表层、中层和底层之间孢囊组成差异不大, 平均种类数为5.58–7.29, 孢囊的平均密度范围在58.82–103.57 cysts·g–1 DW之间; 孢囊种类丰富的站点, 孢囊密度也较高, 如S9、S14站位。对渤海海区表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的生物多样性进行了统计分析, 发现表、中、底3层甲藻孢囊的平均种类多样性指数在春季(5月)分别为1.69、1.61和1.52; 略低于夏季(8月)的1.83、1.89和1.60。
We collected 144 dinoflagellate cyst samples at 24 stations in the Bohai Sea in May and August 2008 to investigate species diversity and geographical distribution, as well as water eutrophication. We identified 32 dinoflagellate cyst species belonging to 6 groups, including 11 species of Protoperidinioids, 6 Gymnodinioids, 7 Gonyaulacoids, 5 Calcoidinellids, 2 Diplopsalids and 1 Tuberculodinioid. In the 17 autotrophic dinoflagellate cyst species, the dominant species are Scrippsiella trochoidea, and Polykrikos schwartzii and Protoperidinium conicum in the 15 heterotrophic dinoflagellate cyst species. Alexandrium tamarense, a species producing paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, was found only at 3 stations. In general, the enriched heterotrophic dinoflagellate cyst species indicates relatively high eutrophication in the Bohai Sea. The predominance of S. trochoidea contributed substantially to the formation of harmful algal blooms in the studied area. We collected 10 cm vertical surface sediments from each sampling site and cut them into 3-cm-high sections representing the surface, middle and bottom layers. Species compositions were similar among the 3 layers and ranged from 5.58 to 7.29 in species numbers and from 58.82 to 103.57 cysts·g–1 dry weight in density. The mean biodiversity indexes in May in the surface, middle and bottom sediments were 1.69, 1.61 and 1.52 and in August 1.83, 1.89, and 1.60.
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