1998-2010年中国典型生态系统长期监测样地环境要素、物种丰富度和生物量动态数据集

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多尺度联网观测是获取区域生态信息的基础手段, 是全面深入认识生态系统动态变化规律, 评估生态系统与全球变化及人类活动相互关系的数据源泉。中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)以中国重要生态系统类型的野外观测试验站为基地, 采用统一的规程对我国典型的森林、草地、荒漠、沼泽等生态系统进行长期定位观测和研究, 为国家生态环境建设提供科学数据支撑。该数据集涵盖了1998-2010年CERN 10个森林站、6个荒漠站、2个草地站、1个沼泽站的84个生物长期监测样地的样地背景、环境要素动态变化、植物群落物种丰富度和生物量信息, 数据集经过严格的数据三级审核质控过程, 构建了以生物长期监测样地年度观测数据为基本单元的环境要素、物种丰富度和生物量动态数据集, 可以为生物资源分布、生物与环境变化和人类活动的关系等提供数据支持。

数据库(集)基本信息简介

数据库(集)名称	1998-2010年中国典型生态系统长期监测样地环境要素、物种丰富度和生物量动态数据集
数据库(集)作者	张琳, 袁伟影, 宋创业, 吴冬秀, 兰玉婷, 王小亮, 谭稳稳, 徐志雄, 李静超, 白帆, 戴冠华, 刘世忠, 饶兴权, 冉飞, 黄苛, 周志琼, 赵常明, 热甫开提·沙比提, 陈华阳, 马健, 朱喜, 王立龙, 孙靖尧
数据库(集)通信作者	吴冬秀(wudx@ibcas.ac.cn)
数据时间范围	1998-2010
地理区域	中国, CERN 19个生态站所在地区
文件大小	1.09 Mb
数据格式	.xlsx
数据链接	https://www.plant-ecology.com/../../fileup/1005-264X/PDF/cjpe.2025.0001-D1.xlsx https://www.plantplus.cn/doi/10.57760/sciencedb.17718 https://www.scidb.cn/doi/10.57760/sciencedb.17718
数据库(集)组成	该数据集包含1个文件, 内含5个数据表, 分别为: 样地背景信息、环境要素动态变化、森林站物种丰富度、荒漠站物种丰富度和生物量、草地和沼泽站物种丰富度和生物量。

关键词: 长期监测, 联网研究, 植被类型, 土壤特征, 气候变化

Abstract:

Multi-scale networked observation is the basic means to obtain regional ecological information, and it is a data source for comprehensively and deeply understanding the dynamics of ecosystems and assessing the interrelationships between ecosystems, global changes and human activities. The Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), based on the field observation stations of important ecosystem types in China, adopts unified protocols to conduct long-term positional observation and research on typical ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, deserts and marshes in China, providing scientific data support for the construction of the national ecological environment. This dataset covers the plot background, plant community species richness, biomass and habitat information of 84 biological long-term observation plots from 10 forest stations, 6 desert stations, 2 grassland stations and 1 marsh stations of CERN from 1998 to 2010. The dataset has undergone through a strict three-tier audit and quality control process, and constructed a biological and habitat dataset with the annual observation data of the biological long-term observation samples as the basic unit. The dataset can provide data support for the distribution of biological resources, the relationship between biological and environmental changes and human activities.

Database/dataset profile

Data title	Dynamic dataset of environmental elements, species richness and biomass of long-term observation plots of typical ecosystems in China from 1998 to 2010
Data authors	ZHANG Lin, YUAN Wei-Ying, SONG Chuang-Ye, WU Dong-Xiu, LAN Yu-Ting, WANG Xiao-Liang, TAN Wen-Wen, XU Zhi-Xiong, Li Jing-Chao, BAI Fan, DAI Guan-Hua, LIU Shi-Zhong, RAO Xin-Quan, RAN Fei, HUANG Ke, ZHOU Zhi-Qiong, ZHAO Chang-Ming, Repukaiti SHABITI, CHEN Hua-Yang, MA Jian, ZHU Xi, WANG Li-Long, Sun Jing-Yao
Data corresponding author	WU Dong-Xiu (wudx@ibcas.ac.cn)
Data time range	1998-2010
Data geographical scope	19 CERN natural ecosystem stations, China
Data volume	1.09 Mb
Data format	.xlsx
Data links	https://www.plant-ecology.com../../fileup/1005-264X/PDF/cjpe.2025.0001-D1.xlsx https://www.plantplus.cn/doi/10.57760/sciencedb.17718 https://www.scidb.cn/doi/10.57760/sciencedb.17718
Database/dataset composition	The dataset contains one file, including five data sheets, namely: plot background information, dynamics of environmental elements, species richness at forest stations, species richness and biomass at desert stations, and species richness and biomass at grassland and marsh stations

Key words: long-term observation, networking study, vegetation type, soil characteristics, climate change

张琳, 袁伟影, 宋创业, 吴冬秀. 1998-2010年中国典型生态系统长期监测样地环境要素、物种丰富度和生物量动态数据集. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(8): 1182-1190. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0001

ZHANG Lin, YUAN Wei-Ying, SONG Chuang-Ye, WU Dong-Xiu. Dynamic dataset of environmental elements, species richness and biomass of long-term observation plots of typical ecosystems in China from 1998 to 2010. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(8): 1182-1190. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0001

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0001

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I8/1182

图/表 6

参考文献 14

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生态站代码 Site code	生态站简称 Abbreviation name of ecological station	生态站名称 Name of ecological station	生态系统类型 Ecosystem type	地理位置 Location	综合观测场数量 Number of comprehensive observation plots	辅助观测场数量 Number of auxiliary observation plots	站区调查点数量 Number of survey points
ALF	哀牢山站 Ailaoshan Station	中国科学院哀牢山亚热带森林生态系统研究站 Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Acadamy of Science (CAS)	森林 Forest	24.55° N, 101.03° E	2	3	1
BJF	北京森林站 Beijing Forest Station	中国科学院北京森林生态系统定位研究站 Beijing Forset Ecological Station, CAS	森林 Forest	39.95° N, 115.41° E	2	8
BNF	西双版纳站 Xishuangbanna Station	中国科学院西双版纳热带雨林生态系统定位研究站 Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, CAS	森林 Forest	21.96° N, 101.20° E	1	2	7
CBF	长白山站 Changbaishan Station	中国科学院长白山森林生态系统定位研究站 Changbaishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, CAS	森林 Forest	42.40° N, 128.09° E	1	1	4
DHF	鼎湖山站 Dinghushan Station	中国科学院鼎湖山森林生态系统定位研究站 Dinghushan Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, CAS	森林 Forest	23.16° N, 112.51° E	1	2	3
GGF	贡嘎山站 Gonggashan Station	中国科学院贡嘎山高山生态系统观测试验站 Gonggashan Observation and Experimental Station of Alpine Ecosystem, CAS	森林 Forest	29.57° N, 101.99° E	1	2	1
HSF	鹤山站 Heshan Station	中国科学院鹤山丘陵综合开放试验站 Heshan Integrated Experimental Station of Hilly Land, CAS	森林 Forest	22.68° N, 112.90° E	1	1	4
HTF	会同站 Huitong Station	中国科学院会同森林生态系统定位研究站 Huitong Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, CAS	森林 Forest	26.85° N, 109.60° E	2	1
MXF	茂县站 Maoxian Station	中国科学院茂县山地生态系统定位研究站 Maoxian Mountain Ecosystem Research Station, CAS	森林 Forest	31.69° N, 103.89° E	2	1	1
SNF	神农架站 Shennongjia Station	中国科学院神农架生物多样性定位研究站 Shennongjia Biodiversity Research Station, CAS	森林 Forest	31.31° N, 110.47° E	1	1
HBG	海北站 Haibei Station	中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位研究站 Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem, CAS	草地 Grassland	37.61° N, 101.31° E	1	1	1
NMG	内蒙古站 Inner Mongolia Staion	中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站 Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, CAS	草地 Grassland	43.54° N, 116.67° E	1	1	2
SJM	三江站 Sanjiang Staion	中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站 Sanjiang Plain Marsh Ecological Experiment Station, CAS	沼泽 Marshland	47.59° N, 133.50° E	1	1
CLD	策勒站 Cele Station	中国科学院策勒沙漠研究站 Cele Desert Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	37.00° N, 80.71° E	1	2
ESD	鄂尔多斯站 Ordos Staion	中国科学院鄂尔多斯沙地草地生态研究站 Ordos Sandland Ecological Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	39.50° N, 110.20° E	1	1
FKD	阜康站 Fukang Staion	中国科学院阜康荒漠生态试验站 Fukang Desert Ecological Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	44.35° N, 87.92° E	1	2	2
LZD	临泽站 Linze Station	中国科学院临泽内陆河流域研究站 Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	39.41° N, 100.11° E	1	1	1
NMD	奈曼站 Naiman Station	中国科学院奈曼沙漠化研究站 Naiman Desertification Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	42.93° N, 120.69° E	1	2
SPD	沙坡头站 Shapotou Station	中国科学院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站 Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	37.47° N, 105.00° E	1	1

生态站代码 Site code	生态站简称 Abbreviation name of ecological station	生态站名称 Name of ecological station	生态系统类型 Ecosystem type	地理位置 Location	综合观测场数量 Number of comprehensive observation plots	辅助观测场数量 Number of auxiliary observation plots	站区调查点数量 Number of survey points
ALF	哀牢山站 Ailaoshan Station	中国科学院哀牢山亚热带森林生态系统研究站 Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Acadamy of Science (CAS)	森林 Forest	24.55° N, 101.03° E	2	3	1
BJF	北京森林站 Beijing Forest Station	中国科学院北京森林生态系统定位研究站 Beijing Forset Ecological Station, CAS	森林 Forest	39.95° N, 115.41° E	2	8
BNF	西双版纳站 Xishuangbanna Station	中国科学院西双版纳热带雨林生态系统定位研究站 Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, CAS	森林 Forest	21.96° N, 101.20° E	1	2	7
CBF	长白山站 Changbaishan Station	中国科学院长白山森林生态系统定位研究站 Changbaishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, CAS	森林 Forest	42.40° N, 128.09° E	1	1	4
DHF	鼎湖山站 Dinghushan Station	中国科学院鼎湖山森林生态系统定位研究站 Dinghushan Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, CAS	森林 Forest	23.16° N, 112.51° E	1	2	3
GGF	贡嘎山站 Gonggashan Station	中国科学院贡嘎山高山生态系统观测试验站 Gonggashan Observation and Experimental Station of Alpine Ecosystem, CAS	森林 Forest	29.57° N, 101.99° E	1	2	1
HSF	鹤山站 Heshan Station	中国科学院鹤山丘陵综合开放试验站 Heshan Integrated Experimental Station of Hilly Land, CAS	森林 Forest	22.68° N, 112.90° E	1	1	4
HTF	会同站 Huitong Station	中国科学院会同森林生态系统定位研究站 Huitong Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, CAS	森林 Forest	26.85° N, 109.60° E	2	1
MXF	茂县站 Maoxian Station	中国科学院茂县山地生态系统定位研究站 Maoxian Mountain Ecosystem Research Station, CAS	森林 Forest	31.69° N, 103.89° E	2	1	1
SNF	神农架站 Shennongjia Station	中国科学院神农架生物多样性定位研究站 Shennongjia Biodiversity Research Station, CAS	森林 Forest	31.31° N, 110.47° E	1	1
HBG	海北站 Haibei Station	中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位研究站 Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem, CAS	草地 Grassland	37.61° N, 101.31° E	1	1	1
NMG	内蒙古站 Inner Mongolia Staion	中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站 Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, CAS	草地 Grassland	43.54° N, 116.67° E	1	1	2
SJM	三江站 Sanjiang Staion	中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站 Sanjiang Plain Marsh Ecological Experiment Station, CAS	沼泽 Marshland	47.59° N, 133.50° E	1	1
CLD	策勒站 Cele Station	中国科学院策勒沙漠研究站 Cele Desert Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	37.00° N, 80.71° E	1	2
ESD	鄂尔多斯站 Ordos Staion	中国科学院鄂尔多斯沙地草地生态研究站 Ordos Sandland Ecological Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	39.50° N, 110.20° E	1	1
FKD	阜康站 Fukang Staion	中国科学院阜康荒漠生态试验站 Fukang Desert Ecological Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	44.35° N, 87.92° E	1	2	2
LZD	临泽站 Linze Station	中国科学院临泽内陆河流域研究站 Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	39.41° N, 100.11° E	1	1	1
NMD	奈曼站 Naiman Station	中国科学院奈曼沙漠化研究站 Naiman Desertification Research Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	42.93° N, 120.69° E	1	2
SPD	沙坡头站 Shapotou Station	中国科学院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站 Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, CAS	荒漠 Desert	37.47° N, 105.00° E	1	1

数据项 Data item	实例 Data example
序号 No.	80
生态系统类型 Ecosystem type	草地 Grassland
生态站代码 Site code	NMG
样地代码 Plot code	NMGZH01ABC_01
样地名称 Plot name	羊草样地 Plot of Leymus chinensis
样地类别 Plot type	综合观测场 Comprehensive observation plot
地理位置 Location	43.55°-43.56° N, 116.67°-116.68° E
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 250-1 280
面积及形状 Area and shape (m × m)	600 × 400
建立时间和设计使用年限 Establishment time and designed service time	1979, 100 a
植被型 Vegetation formation	根茎草类草地 Rhizome Grassland
群系 Alliance	羊草草原 Leymus chinensis Rhizome Typical Steppe Grassland Alliance
优势种 Dominant species	草本层: 羊草、大针茅、根茎冰草 Herb layer: Leymus chinensis, Stipa grandis, Agropyron michnoi
土壤类型与剖面特征 Soil type and profile characteristics	土壤母质为风积物, 土壤类型为栗钙土。土层厚度达1 m以上, 腐殖质层厚20-30 cm, 钙积层不显著或不存在, 50-60 cm以下时见微量假菌丝状的碳酸钙淀积物。土壤剖面中0-4 cm为暗灰色砂壤, 粒状结构, 疏松, 有大量根系和植物残体; 4-16 cm为暗灰色砂壤, 粒状+块状结构, 较松, 根系密集, 羊草根交织成网, 有少量动物孔穴; 16-47 cm为灰色砂壤, 块状结构, 较紧, 根系较少; 47-80 cm为淡灰色砂壤, 块状结构, 紧, 根系少; 80-100 cm为暗黄色砂土, 块状结构, 根甚少 Soil parent material is wind deposits, soil type is calcium chestnut soil. The thickness of the soil layer is more than 1 m, the humus layer is 20-30 cm thick, the calcium layer is insignificant or absent, and the calcium carbonate precipitates in the form of pseudo-mycelium are seen in trace amounts below 50-60 cm. In the soil profile, 0-4 cm is dark gray sandy loam, granular structure, loose, with a large number of roots and plant debris; 4-16 cm is dark gray sandy loam, granular + massive structure, loose, with a dense root system, Leymus chinensis roots intertwined into a network, and a small number of animal holes; 16-47 cm is gray sandy loam, blocky structure, tight, few roots; 47-80 cm is light gray sandy loam, blocky structure, tight, few roots; 80-100 cm dark yellow sandy loam, blocky structure, few roots
人类活动 Human activities	无 No
动物活动 Animal activity	轻, 有鼠害存在 Light, rodent infestation present
样地管理制度 Plot management system	围封 Enclose
周围环境描述 Description of surroundings	周围也是以羊草为建群种, 大针茅、冰草等为优势种, 植被稀疏, 5、6月份长势较好, 大部分为自由放牧, 还有一小部分作为打草场 The surrounding area is also built up with Leymus chinensis, Stipa grandis, Agropyron cristatum and other dominant species, the vegetation is sparse, the growth is good in May and June, most of the free grazing, and a small part of it is used as a haying field
备注 Remark	无 No

数据项 Data item	实例 Data example
序号 No.	80
生态系统类型 Ecosystem type	草地 Grassland
生态站代码 Site code	NMG
样地代码 Plot code	NMGZH01ABC_01
样地名称 Plot name	羊草样地 Plot of Leymus chinensis
样地类别 Plot type	综合观测场 Comprehensive observation plot
地理位置 Location	43.55°-43.56° N, 116.67°-116.68° E
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 250-1 280
面积及形状 Area and shape (m × m)	600 × 400
建立时间和设计使用年限 Establishment time and designed service time	1979, 100 a
植被型 Vegetation formation	根茎草类草地 Rhizome Grassland
群系 Alliance	羊草草原 Leymus chinensis Rhizome Typical Steppe Grassland Alliance
优势种 Dominant species	草本层: 羊草、大针茅、根茎冰草 Herb layer: Leymus chinensis, Stipa grandis, Agropyron michnoi
土壤类型与剖面特征 Soil type and profile characteristics	土壤母质为风积物, 土壤类型为栗钙土。土层厚度达1 m以上, 腐殖质层厚20-30 cm, 钙积层不显著或不存在, 50-60 cm以下时见微量假菌丝状的碳酸钙淀积物。土壤剖面中0-4 cm为暗灰色砂壤, 粒状结构, 疏松, 有大量根系和植物残体; 4-16 cm为暗灰色砂壤, 粒状+块状结构, 较松, 根系密集, 羊草根交织成网, 有少量动物孔穴; 16-47 cm为灰色砂壤, 块状结构, 较紧, 根系较少; 47-80 cm为淡灰色砂壤, 块状结构, 紧, 根系少; 80-100 cm为暗黄色砂土, 块状结构, 根甚少 Soil parent material is wind deposits, soil type is calcium chestnut soil. The thickness of the soil layer is more than 1 m, the humus layer is 20-30 cm thick, the calcium layer is insignificant or absent, and the calcium carbonate precipitates in the form of pseudo-mycelium are seen in trace amounts below 50-60 cm. In the soil profile, 0-4 cm is dark gray sandy loam, granular structure, loose, with a large number of roots and plant debris; 4-16 cm is dark gray sandy loam, granular + massive structure, loose, with a dense root system, Leymus chinensis roots intertwined into a network, and a small number of animal holes; 16-47 cm is gray sandy loam, blocky structure, tight, few roots; 47-80 cm is light gray sandy loam, blocky structure, tight, few roots; 80-100 cm dark yellow sandy loam, blocky structure, few roots
人类活动 Human activities	无 No
动物活动 Animal activity	轻, 有鼠害存在 Light, rodent infestation present
样地管理制度 Plot management system	围封 Enclose
周围环境描述 Description of surroundings	周围也是以羊草为建群种, 大针茅、冰草等为优势种, 植被稀疏, 5、6月份长势较好, 大部分为自由放牧, 还有一小部分作为打草场 The surrounding area is also built up with Leymus chinensis, Stipa grandis, Agropyron cristatum and other dominant species, the vegetation is sparse, the growth is good in May and June, most of the free grazing, and a small part of it is used as a haying field
备注 Remark	无 No

数据项 Data item	实例 Data example
序号 No.	85
生态系统类型 Ecosystem type	森林 Forest
生态站代码 Site code	HSF
年 Year	2004
样地代码 Plot code	HSFZH01A00_01
样地名称 Plot name	马占相思林综合观测场永久样地 Comprehensive observation plot of Acacia mangium forest plantation
样地类别 Plot type	综合观测场 Comprehensive observation plot
群落特征 Community characteristics	群落高度: 10 m; 林龄: 成熟林; 演替阶段: 先锋。水分状况: 湿润。本综合观测场是20年生的马占相思人工纯林, 种植于1984年, 主要作为荒山植被绿化的先锋种林。乔木层较平整匀一, 只有1层。灌木层平均高约为2 m, 主要种类有桃金娘、山鸡椒、秤星树和三桠苦等, 可见有少量的藤本植物, 主要有玉叶金花、酸藤子和粗叶悬钩子等, 没有大型的层间植物。草本层也较匀一和简单, 主要有芒萁、小花露籽草、乌毛蕨等。种植前期有过人工管理和施肥。没有大的自然灾害, 每年可能有1-2次的台风非正面影响。本群落现已为成熟的人工林 Community height: 10 m; forest age: mature forest; successional stage: pioneer. Moisture status: wet. This comprehensive observation plot is a 20-year-old Acacia mangium plantation forest planted in 1984, which is mainly used as a pioneer forest for greening the vegetation of barren mountains. The tree layer is flat and uniform, with only one layer. The average height of the shrub layer is about 2 m, and the main species include Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Litsea cubeba, Ilex asprella, and Melicope pteleifolia, etc. There are a small number of lianas, such as Mussaenda pubescens, Embelia laeta, and Rubus alceifolius, etc., and there are no large-scale interstorey plants. The herbaceous layer is also uniform and simple, mainly including Dicranopteris pedata, Ottochloa nodosa var. micrantha and Blechnopsis orientalis. There was manual management and fertilization in the early stage of planting. There are no major natural disasters, but there may be one or two typhoons with non-positive impacts per year. This community is now a mature plantation forest
土壤pH Soil pH	4.03 (2004)
土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content (g·kg^-1)	33.76 (2004)
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	1.30 (2000)
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.44 (2000)
气候条件 Climatic conditions	年降水量: 965.9 mm (2004年); >0 ℃年积温: 8 015.4 ℃ (2004年); 无霜期: 366天(2004年); 湿度: 77.3% (2004年) Annual rainfall: 965.9 mm (2004); >0 °C annual temperature: 8 015.4 °C (2004); frost-free period: 366 days (2004); humidity: 77.3% (2004)
灾害记录 Disaster record	2003年9月2日, 林分受台风“杜鹃”的影响, 有小面积的乔木被折断。采取措施: 人工移除 On September 2, 2003, the forest stand was affected by Typhoon “Dujuan”, and a small area of trees was broken. Measures taken: manual removal
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