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  • Hosted by:Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Sponsored by:Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Botanical Society of China
    Co-hosted by:Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan AgriculturalAcademy
    Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
    Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University
    State Key Laboratory of Crops Biology, Shandong Agricultural University

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    Chinese Scientist Generated High-quality Genome Sequences for indica Rice*
    Xuehui Huang
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 1-3.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16205
    Abstract1606)   HTML19)    PDF (736KB)(1537)       Save

    In 2005, the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project conducted by a multi-country consortium of research institutes, has published the reference genome sequence of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica cv. ‘Nipponbare’. Recently, Chinese scientist generated high-quality genome sequences of two elite indica rice varieties Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63, which will have important implications for functional genomics studies and molecular breeding in indica rice.

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    Underlying Mechanism of Heterosis Unveiled by -Omics
    Hongru Wang, Chengcai Chu
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 4-9.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16221
    Abstract1501)   HTML15)    PDF (826KB)(1654)       Save

    Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is the phenomenon that hybrid displays growth or fertility superiority over its parents. Though widely exploited in agriculture, the underlying molecular mechanism of heterosis remains one of the lasting mysteries in biology. Recently, Chinese scientists leveraged genomics tools and systemically characterized the genetic architecture of rice heterosis using 10 074 F2 individuals resulting from 17 representative elite rice hybrid cultivars. Another Chinese team focused on the super hybrid cultivar LYP9 and studied its yield heterosis by integrating phenomic, genomic and transcriptomic data. The comprehensive mapping and analysis of heterosis QTLs with multi-omics tools provide valuable data for both testing heterosis hypothesis and purposely manipulating heterosis for breeding new cultivars.

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    Cited: CSCD(2)
      
    Progress in Understanding the Genetic Basis of Heterosis in Crops
    Lianguang Shang, Zhenyu Gao, Qian Qian
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 10-18.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16187
    Abstract1778)   HTML19)    PDF (953KB)(1764)       Save

    In heterosis, hybrid progeny of two different inbred varieties exhibit greater biomass and speed of development than both parents. Although heterosis is widely exploited in agriculture, a comprehensive description of its molecular basis has remained elusive despite extensive investigation. Various models have been posited to explain the genetic mechanisms of heterosis include dominance, overdominance, and epistasis. With the development of molecular quantitative genetics, the study of heterosis has been promoted. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of heterosis at the quantitative trait loci (QTL) level. QTL mapping for heterosis is discussed and its prospects are proposed.

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    Cited: Baidu(1) CSCD(10)
      
    Research Progress in Genetic Regulation of Rice Panicle Architecture
    Yan Chun, Xueyong Li
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 19-29.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16213
    Abstract1453)   HTML38)    PDF (321KB)(1659)       Save

    Panicle architecture, as a key agronomic trait of rice (Oryza sativa), has been a research hot topic in recent years. In this review, we introduce the general development progress of a rice panicle. Genes related to rice panicles are summarized and are classified into 4 categories according to their function in panicle development: regulating initiation of meristem, meristem size, transition from branch meristem to spikelet meristem and elongation of branches. Furthermore, we summarize emerging networks of genes and pathways. Finally, we discuss the problems and prospects of future research into the genetic regulation of rice panicle.

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    Cited: CSCD(8)
      
    Scanning for Pi Loci and Rebuilding an Improved Genome of Elite Rice Variety Kongyu 131
    Xiaohui Zhang, Xiaomin Feng, Shaoyang Lin
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 30-42.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16107
    Abstract1067)   HTML5)    PDF (768KB)(1047)       Save

    The rice variety Kongyu 131 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) is the most widely grown elite cultivar in Heilongjiang province because of its high quality, early maturity, high yield and cold resistance. However, because it has been cultivated in the same areas for many years, it is now highly susceptible to rice blast. By re-sequencing and scanning the whole genome of Kongyu 131, we found that it lacks more than 12 cloned blast resistance genes, including Pi2, Pi9, Pi36, Pi5-1, Pb1, Pid3, Pi25, Pikh, Pi1, Pik-m, Pik-p and Pi56t. To improve the blast resistance, we successfully introgressed Pb1 (Panicle blast 1) into Kongyu131. Without changing the other agronomic characters, we used 5 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to control the length of the introduced target fragment derived from the donor cultivar MP. Inoculating test results indicated that the improved line, containing a 700 kb target fragment and sharing 99.38% genetic background with Kongyu 131, showed the same blast resistance as MP.

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    Cited: Baidu(2) CSCD(4)
      
    Molecular Evolution and Expression Analysis of the OsMIP1 Response to Abiotic Stress
    Wang Ling, Guo Changkui, Ren Ding, Ma Hong
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 43-53.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16081
    Abstract1058)   HTML13)    PDF (1249KB)(1191)       Save

    The gene MID1 (MYB IMPORTANT FOR DROUGHT RESPONSE1) encodes a putative R-R type MYB transcription factor; is induced by abiotic stresses, especially drought in reproductive stage; and can improve pollen fertility and rice production. To understand the role of MID1 in abiotic stress responses, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to find an interacting protein, OsMIP1 (Oryza sativa MID1 interaction protein 1). The interaction was further confirmed by BiFC (bimolecular fluorescence complementation) analysis in tobacco leaf cells. OsMIP1 encodes a putative transmembrane protein with an ENTH/ANTH/VHS domain. It is expressed in the root, stem, leaf, panicle and endosperm. Under drought stress, its expression is upregulated in leaf and reproductive organs, especially in post-meiotic flowers. OsMIP1 may play a role in response to drought stress during reproductive development. OsMIP1 expression during vegetative development can be induced by other abiotic stress, including NaCl and mannitol, which suggests that OsMIP1 can respond to other abiotic stresses. There is little analysis of the evolution of genes encoding proteins with the ENTH/ ANTH/VHS domain, so we analyzed the molecular evolution of MIP1 homologs in flowering plants. The evolution analysis of the MIP1 family in angiosperms showed that MIP1 homologs can be divided into 6 types, which originated from at least 6 copies of MIP1 homologous genes in the ancestor of extent angiosperms. After gene-duplication and -loss events, MIP1 family members widely distributed in the angiosperms and might have various functions, possibly in stress responses.

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    Cited: CSCD(2)
      
    Gene Mapping of a Dwarf Gene WLD1 in Rice
    Wang Wenle, Feng Dan, Wu Jinxia, Zhang Zhiguo, Lu Tiegang
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 54-60.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16010
    Abstract1099)   HTML17)    PDF (956KB)(840)       Save

    Dwarf rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important agronomic trait closely related to photosynthetic efficiency and yield. Exploring more dwarf resources can deepen our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of plant height and provide new germplasm for cultivating new varieties. A wide-leaf, wide-stem, small-kernel and dwarf mutant, wld1, was identified from the rice T-DNA insertion mutant library. We used map-based cloning to locate the gene on rice chromosome 5 between the markers InDel37 and InDel48, with 91 kb physical distance. The mutant wld1 resulted from deletion of the base T in LOC_Os05g32270, which causes a reading error and early termination of the peptide chain encoding. We used microscopy to observe the top-second internal structure of vegetative organs of the mutant and the wild type in paraffin sections. In the wld1, cells were significantly increased in size in cross-sections but reduced in size in longitudinal sections. The expression of LOC_Os05g32270 was completely inactivated. The gene is an allele of the reported rice gene OsSMOS1 (SMALL ORGAN SIZE1). The agronomic properties of wld1 are good (lodging) and it can be directly applied to practice. In this study, we defined the inheritance and phenotype characteristics of this mutant, which lays the foundation for further analysis of the signaling pathway.

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    Cited: CSCD(1)
      
    Mapping of Pizy6(t), a Gene Conferring Resistance to the Rice Blast Strain LP11, in Oryza sativa subsp. japonica Cultivar Ziyu44
    Hu Chaoqin, , Liu Jianyu, , Wang Yunqian, Yang Rui, Wang Bingkun, He Yueqiu, Zeng Qianchun, Luo Qiong
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 61-69.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16126
    Abstract905)   HTML4)    PDF (728KB)(944)       Save

    Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae infection, is one of the major diseases threatening the sustainable development of rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. Between 10% and 30% of the annual rice harvest is lost due to infection by the fungus. Development and breeding utilization of rice-resistant resources are considered the most effective and economic means to control rice blast. Isolating new virulent blast strains from the pathotype Oryza is the basis for cloning novel optimal genes resistant to rice blast and rice breeding for disease resistance. In the present study, we isolated and screened blast strains and identified new genes resistant to rice blast. Overall, 5 strains with significantly different pathogenicity between Ziyu44 and Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN) were identified. Eight rice varieties, including Ziyu44, Xiangzi3150, 9311, Nipponbare, Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH), Zhonghua11, JNXN and TP309, were challenged with the 5 blast strains by spray-inoculation at seedling stage. Xiangzi3150, a variety with broad-spectrum blast resistance, showed obvious attacks after inoculation with LP11, so LP11 is probably a newly emerged strong virulent strain. The F2 progenies derived from the cross between Ziyu44 and JNXN were inoculated with the LP11; genetic analysis and gene mapping indicated that the resistance phenotype of Ziyu44 to LP11 was controlled by a single dominant gene, and the resistance gene Pizy6(t) was located on rice chromosome 6. These results provided valuable blast strains for genetic studies of disease resistance and laid the foundation for Pizy6(t) gene cloning in Ziyu44.

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    Cited: CSCD(6)
      
    Use of SELEX for Research of the DNA Binding Sites of the RFL, a Transcription Factor of Rice
    Chengqiang Ding, Zhongyuan Chang, Yan Wang, Shaohua Wang, Yanfeng Ding
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 70-76.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16130
    Abstract874)   HTML4)    PDF (1137KB)(763)       Save

    FLORICAULA/LEAFY encodes an evolutionarily conserved land plant-specific transcription factor. It functions by regulating the expression of downstream genes. RFL, the FLORICAULA/LEAFY homolog in rice, controls several important developments in rice: flowering time, plastochron and panicle branching. In this study, we detected the binding specificity of RFL by using the method systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). After seven SELEX processes and sequencing, the binding site of RFL was identified as (C/A)(C/T)NN(T/C/A)G(G/T). The result contributes to clarifying the molecular function of RFL.

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    Identification of Salt Tolerance in Different Rice Germplasm at Different Growth Stages
    Jiafu Wu, Bowen Yang, Xunchao Xiang, Liang Xu, Limei Yan
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 77-88.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16192
    Abstract975)   HTML5)    PDF (988KB)(812)       Save

    We used 21 rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm as experimental materials. Dry seeds were treated for 8 d in 1.5% NaCl solution and germination rate was measured. The seedlings with 2 green leaves were cultured by hydroponics in Petri dishes with different NaCl concentrations. After 10 days, relative shoot height, relative root length, leaf mortality, water content and the expression of 7 of 9 high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) gene families were measured. In the adult period (30-d seedling to maturation), 3 representative germplasm were treated at different NaCl concentrations in a pot experiment. We investigated the effects of salt stress at flowering or dough stage of rice, for example, soluble sugar content. The results showed that germination rates of seed were affected significantly, with a wide range of variation, with 1.5% NaCl stress concentration. The variation in leaf mortality was the largest among the measured indicators at seedling stage. Besides OsHKT2;4, 6 members of HKT gene family were detected in the 8 germplasm genome. Soluble sugar content of germplasm showed a growth-stimulation effect with salt content stress ≤1 g∙kg-1. The biomass of CG15R was positively correlated with salt content and the biomass increased with the addition of salt. Biomass of Zhonghua9 increased with the addition of salt with salt content ≤1 g∙kg-1. Salt tolerance of rice shows the characteristic of stage development, and salt tolerance at different developmental stages is not correlated. The leaf mortality and biomass of dough stage could be the key indicators of salt tolerance for seedling and adult rice. CG15R represents a germplasm with high salt tolerance and should be further analyzed.

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    Cited: CSCD(23)
      
    Adaption of Plants to Potassium Deficiency and Strategies to Improve Potassium Use Efficiency
    Guang Chen, Zhenyu Gao, Guohua Xu
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 89-101.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16231
    Abstract1434)   HTML23)    PDF (951KB)(1946)       Save

    Potassium ion (K+) is the most abundant cation in plants, and it plays an essential role in a number of biochemical and physiological processes during plant growth and development. Potassium deficiency in plants confines root growth, decreases the root to shoot ratio, and limits the transport of assimilates via the phloem. Limited photoassimilate production coupled with transport inhibition can lead to reduction in plant biomass. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of K+ uptake, transport and utilization in plants is important for improving crop productivity. In this review, we summarize the major advances in understanding the physiological responses of plants to K+ deficiency and propose 4 strategies to enhance K+ use efficiency in plants. Further more, We discuss the prospects for increasing K+ acquisition and use efficiency by plants.

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    Cited: CSCD(13)
      
    Advances in Understanding Leaf Premature Senescence and Its Molecular Mechanism in Rice
    Na Xu, Jiangmin Xu, Linghuan Jiang, Yuchun Rao
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 102-112.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16222
    Abstract1461)   HTML26)    PDF (976KB)(1780)       Save

    Senescence of plant leaves is the final stage of leaf development as well as a adaptive performance of the long-term evolution of plants. The senescence of rice (Oryza sativa) leaves greatly affects the quality and yield of rice. Study of leaf senescence has mainly focused on pre-senility. This paper reviews the research progress in rice senescence and genes related to rice senescence, especially advanced suggestions about the causes, the process, and physiological changes of rice leaf senescence and how to prevent senescence. These studies establish a theoretical foundation for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of rice premature senescence and provide some reference for rice breeding as well.

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    Cited: Baidu(4) CSCD(12)
      
    Major Domestication Traits of Yield in Rice
    Yuliang Liu, Shuzhi Zheng
    Chinese Bulletin of Botany    2017, 52 (1): 113-121.   DOI: 10.11983/CBB16148
    Abstract1157)   HTML24)    PDF (784KB)(1500)       Save

    Rice (Oryza sativa), cultivatedin one-third of the world, is one of the most important crops with a long culture history. Cultivated rice is domesticated from wild rice (O. rufipogon). Rice yield is an important domesticated phenotype. Rice yield is controlled by three morphologic features, including tiller characteristics, panicle structure and seed size. These phenotypes were selected from the wild type during domestication and increased yield. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism of yield domestication and discuss problems and prospects of rice culture to provide new insights for rice domestication and molecular breeding.

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    Cited: Baidu(1) CSCD(4)