Chinese Bulletin of Botany ›› 2017, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 297-306.DOI: 10.11983/CBB16256
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Congcong Xu1,2, Hongxia Cui2*, Lei Shi1,2*, Fei Xia2, Zhaoyin Yin3, Deshan Zhang3
Received:
2016-12-23
Accepted:
2017-03-06
Online:
2017-05-01
Published:
2017-05-27
Contact:
Cui Hongxia,Shi Lei
About author:
# Co-first authors
Congcong Xu, Hongxia Cui, Lei Shi, Fei Xia, Zhaoyin Yin, Deshan Zhang. Response of Flowering Phenology of Viburnum to Abnormal Meteorological Events[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2017, 52(3): 297-306.
Species | Latitude and altitude | Original distribution | Introduction site | Introduction year | Taxonomic affiliation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viburnum opulus | 39°02′-55°93′ N; 1000-1600 m | Northwestern China, Central America, Central Russia, Most of Europe and Northwestern America | Romania | 1956 | Sect.9 Opulus |
V. macrocephalum | 25°09′-32°04′ N; 60-160 m | Southeastern China | Nanjing, China | 1984 | Sect.1 Viburnum |
V. prunifolium | 26°75′-44°75′ N; 250 m | Southeastern America | New York, America | 1982 | Sect.1 Viburnum |
V. lantana | 21°54′-53°33′ N; 250-3410 m | Most of Europe, Northwestern America and Southeastern Asia | Hungary | 1957 | Sect.1 Viburnum |
V. carlesii | 34°01′-41°63′ N; 0-1300 m | North Korea and Japan | New York, America | 1982 | Sect.1 Viburnum |
Table 1 The geographic distributions, introduction background and taxonomic affiliation of investigated Viburnum (Xu, 1988, in Chinese; Yang et al., 2011)
Species | Latitude and altitude | Original distribution | Introduction site | Introduction year | Taxonomic affiliation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viburnum opulus | 39°02′-55°93′ N; 1000-1600 m | Northwestern China, Central America, Central Russia, Most of Europe and Northwestern America | Romania | 1956 | Sect.9 Opulus |
V. macrocephalum | 25°09′-32°04′ N; 60-160 m | Southeastern China | Nanjing, China | 1984 | Sect.1 Viburnum |
V. prunifolium | 26°75′-44°75′ N; 250 m | Southeastern America | New York, America | 1982 | Sect.1 Viburnum |
V. lantana | 21°54′-53°33′ N; 250-3410 m | Most of Europe, Northwestern America and Southeastern Asia | Hungary | 1957 | Sect.1 Viburnum |
V. carlesii | 34°01′-41°63′ N; 0-1300 m | North Korea and Japan | New York, America | 1982 | Sect.1 Viburnum |
Figure 1 Meteorological parameters in phenological observations from January to May in 2009-2011 and 2016 including ten-day maximum temperature (A), ten-day minimum temperature (B), ten-day mean temperature different (C) and ten-day total precipitation (D) (To analyze data at ten-day scale, which were from Beijing Meteorological Observatory)The extreme climatic events occurred in the spring of 2010 and 2016, which was characterized by extreme cold-wet in 2010 and warm-drought in 2016 respectively (Wang et al., 2011; Wang, 2016) (in Chinese).
Figure 2 The flowering phenological patterns of Viburnum responsive to climatic change in the spring from 2009 to 2016 (The data for 2009 and 2010 are from Chen et al. (2012))(A) Normal year (2009); (B) The flowering onset delayed in the cold-wet spring of 2010; (C) The flowering onset advanced in the warm-drought spring of 2016. The left and right end of black bar corresponding to the date of flowering onset and flowering fading respectively, and the length of bar show- ing the duration of flowering.
Figure 3 The variance magnitude of flowering onset responsive to the climatic extremes over the warm-drought in spring of 2016 (A) and cold-wet in spring of 2010 (B) (Refe- red to data of normal 2009, which data for 2010 were from Chen et al. (2012))Negative values indicating the advanced flowering onset in 2016 and the positive for the delay in 2010 compared to the reference year 2009.
Species | Flowering onset (day) | Activity accumulated temperature (°C) |
---|---|---|
Viburnum macrocephalum | 33 | 294.9 |
V. opulus | 32 | 351.9 |
V. prunifolium | 17 | 8.1 |
V. lantana | 23 | 90.4 |
V. carlesii | 18 | 31.4 |
Table 2 The variance magnitude of flowering onset and activity accumulated temperature over the cold-wet in spring of 2010 and the warm-drought in spring of 2016
Species | Flowering onset (day) | Activity accumulated temperature (°C) |
---|---|---|
Viburnum macrocephalum | 33 | 294.9 |
V. opulus | 32 | 351.9 |
V. prunifolium | 17 | 8.1 |
V. lantana | 23 | 90.4 |
V. carlesii | 18 | 31.4 |
Figure 4 The patterns of activity accumulated temperature (≥0°C) over 2009-2016, of which cold-wet occurring in spring of 2010 and warm-drought in spring of 2016 (The data for 2009 and 2010 are from Chen et al. (2012))
Figure 5 Growing dynamics of shoots for Viburnum lantana and V. opulus in 2011 and 2016 (The data for 2011 are from Chen et al. (2012))(A1), (A2) The shoots of V. lantana in 2011 and 2016; (B1), (B2) The shoots of V. opulus in 2011 and 2016. Black solid line refers to the flowering length for each species.
Figure 6 Specific leaf weight (SLW) for Viburnum lantana and V. opulus in 2011 and 2016 (The data for 2011 are from Chen et al. (2012))(A1), (A2) SLW of V. lantana in 2011 and 2016; (B1), (B2) SLW of V. opulus in 2011 and 2016
Figure 7 Leaf area for Viburnum lantana and V. opulus in 2011 and 2016 (The data for 2011 are from Chen et al. (2012))(A1), (A2) Leaf area of V. lantana in 2011 and 2016; (B1), (B2) Leaf area of V. opulus in 2011 and 2016
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