Abstract: Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important crops in the world, used for food, fodder, alcoholic beverages, as well as biofuel production, and also serves as a C₄ model plant. Aphids are major agricultural pests injuring nearly all cultivated crops. Sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sacchari), greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) and corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) are the major aphid species damaging sorghum growth. We lack sorghum aphid-resistance germplasm and systematic study. Some progress has been made in sorghum greenbug resistance research. Recently 20 resistant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped, and the maximum resistant phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL reached 80.3%, but little is known about the resistance to sorghum aphid and corn leaf aphid. The morphological characters and chemical contents of sorghum could affect aphid resistance. Such resistance-related traits may be useful for breeding. The published sorghum and pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) genome sequences could help in better understanding the aphid-plant interaction and plant aphid-resistance mechanism. Two aphid-resistance genes have been cloned, but more genes and QTLs are needed. Here, we review recent studies of sorghum aphid resistance and propose possible future research.