Abstract: The natural genetic resources of poplar (Populus L.) are abundant. To effectively preserve and use these genetic resources, genetic evaluation has been carried out worldwide. From the classification of poplar, we briefly summarize the progress in genetic evaluation of poplar resources in terms of biological characteristics, resistant traits (resistance to salt, drought, frost, disease and pests), adaptability and genetic polymorphism of DNA. In addition, we discuss the problems in genetic evaluation of poplar and suggest research in this area.