气象因子对油菜种子中油分积累的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1259.2014.00041

植物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 41-48.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1259.2014.00041

气象因子对油菜种子中油分积累的影响

付三雄¹, 李成磊¹, 尼玛卓玛², 唐林², 戚存扣^1*

¹江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 农业部长江下游棉花和油菜重点实验室, 南京 210014
²西藏农牧科学院农业研究所, 拉萨 850002

收稿日期:2012-11-28 修回日期:2013-03-27 出版日期:2014-01-01 发布日期:2014-01-01
通讯作者: 戚存扣

Effect of Meteorological Factors on Oil Accumulation in Rapeseed

Sanxiong Fu¹, Chenglei Li¹, Nimazhuoma², Lin Tang², Cunkou Qi^1*

¹Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed of Lower Reach Changjiang River of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China

²Agricultural Institute, Tibetan Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China

Received:2012-11-28 Revised:2013-03-27 Online:2014-01-01 Published:2014-01-01
Contact: Cunkou Qi

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取2个甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)高油材料XZ37(含油量45.29%)和XZ366(含油量43.48%), 分别种植在南京、拉萨和西宁, 探讨种子发育过程中油分积累的差异, 并分析南京、拉萨和西宁3个地理生态环境下油菜花–角果期间的主要气象因子与种子油分之间的相关性及其对种子油分积累的影响。结果表明, 不同生态地区间种子中油分积累差异显著。在西宁种子油分快速积累始于开花后19天, 持续时长15天; 在南京种子油分快速积累始于开花后24天, 持续时长15天; 在拉萨种子油分快速积累始于开花后29天, 持续时间长达20天。研究显示, 日均温度、日均温差、日均降水量是影响甘蓝型油菜种子发育过程中油分积累的主要气候因子。不同地理生态地区, 影响油菜种子中油分积累的主要气候因子不同。日均温度是影响南京地区种子发育过程中油分积累的主要气候因子。该地区油菜开花后, 气温由低到高呈上升趋势, 成熟后期温度偏高, 不利于种子中油分积累。日均温差和日均降水量是影响拉萨和西宁两地种子油分积累的主要气候因子。两地种子发育过程中日均温差大, 种子中油分积累量大, 但由于拉萨日均降水量高于西宁, 日均温度偏低, 种子油分积累量低于西宁。因此, 在油菜种子发育过程中, 适宜的温度、较大的温差和较少的降水有利于种子积累油分, 并形成较高的含油量。

Abstract: To study the influence of geographical metrological factors on the dynamic accumulation of oil content in developing seeds of Brassica napus, we grew 2 high-oil-content lines, XZ37 (oil content: 45.29%) and XZ366 (oil content: 43.48%), at 3 distinct geographical locations in Nanjing, Xining and Lhasa. We recorded the accumulation rate of oil in developing seeds, and metrological data such as daily mean temperature (DMT), sunshine hours (DMSH) and precipitation (DMP) were obtained from a local metrological observatory. Dynamic accumulation of oil in developing seeds differed greatly among the 3 geological locations. At Xining, oil began to rapidly accumulate in developing seeds at 19 days after flowering (DAF) and lasted for about 15 days. It began to accumulate at 29 DAF at Lhasa and 24 DAF at Nanjing, for 20 and 15 days, respectively. Oil accumulation rate was positively correlated with DMT and DMT difference (DMTD) and negatively with DMP. DMT and DMSH were the major climatic factors affecting oil accumulation in developing seeds at Nanjing, where the daily temperature continued to increase after flowering until seed maturation and resulted in low oil content. DMT and DMP mainly affected oil accumulation at Lhasa, and DMTD and DMP mainly affected oil accumulation at Xining. Higher seed oil content at Xining and Lhasa than Nanjing resulted from larger DMT covering the stage after seed development. However, oil accumulation was lower at Lhasa than Xining because of increased DMP and reduced DMT. High DMT, then increased DMTD and low DMP, can benefit oil accumulation during seed development in B. napus.

付三雄, 李成磊, 尼玛卓玛, 唐林, 戚存扣. 气象因子对油菜种子中油分积累的影响. 植物学报, 2014, 49(1): 41-48.

Sanxiong Fu, Chenglei Li, Nimazhuoma, Lin Tang, Cunkou Qi. Effect of Meteorological Factors on Oil Accumulation in Rapeseed. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2014, 49(1): 41-48.

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气象因子对油菜种子中油分积累的影响

Effect of Meteorological Factors on Oil Accumulation in Rapeseed

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