植物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 519-527.DOI: 10.11983/CBB18007

• 技术方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

一种高效研究大豆根瘤共生固氮的营养液栽培体系

艾文琴1, 姜瀚原1, 李欣欣2, 廖红2,*()   

  1. 1华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642
    2福建农林大学根系生物学研究中心, 福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-09 接受日期:2018-02-12 出版日期:2018-07-01 发布日期:2018-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 廖红
  • 作者简介:† 共同第一作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(No.31601814)

An Efficient Nutrient Solution System to Study Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean

Ai Wenqin1, Jiang Hanyuan1, Li Xinxin2, Liao Hong2,*()   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
    2Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • Received:2018-01-09 Accepted:2018-02-12 Online:2018-07-01 Published:2018-09-11
  • Contact: Liao Hong
  • About author:† These authors contributed equally to this paper

摘要: 为建立一种既可高效结瘤固氮, 又具有一定产量的大豆(Glycine max)营养液栽培系统, 设计并进行了2个试验。首先在不同供氮条件下, 研究了接种根瘤菌对大豆的结瘤状况、固氮能力、生物量及产量的影响。结果表明, 供氮过高或过低, 均影响大豆生长、产量形成及根瘤固氮; 并且植物生长所需的最适供氮水平远高于生物固氮所需的最适供氮水平。此外, 大豆生物固氮活性最高的时期在生殖期第一期(R1期)之前。由此推断, 大豆R1期前, 供应较低的氮, 有利于根瘤形成及固氮; 而从R1期起, 应提高供氮水平, 以促进植物生长及产量的形成。在此基础上开展第2个试验, 对供氮条件进行了优化处理(即R1期前低氮供应、R1期开始中氮供应)。结果表明, 与持续供应高氮相比, 优化供氮处理不仅可获得较多固氮酶活性较高的大根瘤, 还能保持较好的生长、获得更高的百粒重及维持80%左右的产量。研究结果不仅可为高效研究大豆根瘤共生固氮提供营养液配方, 还可为大豆高产高效栽培提供试验依据。

关键词: 大豆, 根瘤, 生物固氮, 营养液, 产量

Abstract: To establish a nutrient solution system for soybean cultivation with effective nodulation and relatively high yield, we first evaluated the effect of nitrogen (N) content and rhizobia inoculation on soybean growth, yield and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Too high or too low N supply affected soybean growth, yield and N2 fixation capacity. Also, the required optimal N level was much higher for plant growth than that of BNF. Furthermore, the highest nitrogenase activity in soybean occurred before the first stage of reproduction (R1 stage). Thus, the enzyme activity could facilitate nodule formation and N2 fixation with a lower N supply before the R1 stage and a higher N supply afterward to promote plant growth and yield in soybean. A second experiment was conducted to optimize N supply (i.e., low N supply before R1 and medium N supply at the beginning of R1). As compared with continuously supplied high N, the optimal scheme promoted BNF with more and larger nodules with higher nitrogenase activity and also maintained a good growth performance with higher 100 grain weight and about sustained 80% of soybean yield. These results provide a reference for nutrient receipt for soybean BNF study as well as soybean production for high yield and nutrient efficiency.

Key words: soybean, nodule, biological nitrogen fixation, nutrient solution, yield